Title Details

Edwin A. Heredia is a Senior Program Manager in the Windows Multimedia Platform Team at Microsoft overseeing the design and implementation of innovative pervasive media experiences for home networks and the Internet. He has been working in the fields of communication protocols and media technologies for more than fifteen years. He has been an active participant and lead contributor in a number of worldwide industry standardization projects, including those envisioned by the UPnP Forum and the Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA). He received an MSc degree in electrical engineering from the University of Delaware.

Preface xvii

Acknowledgments xxi

Acronyms xxiii

1. Introduction 1

1.2 Networks of Media Devices 1

1.2 Ubiquitous Computing at Home 3

1.3 Home Networking Challenges 5

1.4 Protocols for Networks of Media Devices 6

1.5 Protocol Development 6

2. Scenarios and Models 11

2.1 Usage Scenarios 11

2.2 Control Models 16

2.3 Media Characterization 21

3. Device Classification 25

3.1 UPnP Devices and Control Points 25

3.2 UPnP Media Servers and Media Renderers 26

3.3 Device Taxonomy 29

3.4 Device Classes and Capabilities 30

3.5 Device Nomenclature 41

4. Network Connectivity 43

4.1 Physical and Link Layers 43

4.2 TCP/IP Protocols 44

4.3 IP Addressing 51

4.4 DHCP 53

4.5 Auto-IP 56

5. Discovery Protocols 59

5.1 Root and Embedded Devices 59

5.2 Discovery Messages 60

5.3 Presence Advertisements (SSDP Alive Messages) 63

5.4 Number and Types of Presence Advertisements 66

5.5 Exit Advertisements (SSDP Bye-Bye Messages 67

5.6 Discovery Search Requests (M-SEARCH Requests) 68

5.7 Discovery Search Responses (M-SEARCH Responses) 70

6. Description Protocols 73

6.1 Device Description Document (DDD) 73

6.2 Service Description Document (SDD) 83

7. Server Control Protocols 91

71. The DMS Content Directory Service 92

7.2 The DMS Connection Manager Service 139

8. Renderer Control Protocols 147

8.1 Usage Model 147

8.2 Discovery of Content and Devices 150

8.3 The Connection Manager Service in a DMR 150

8.4 The AV Transport Service in a DMR 156

8.5 The Rendering Control Service in a DMR 182

8.6 Multiple Controllers in the Network 190

9. Exchange Protocols for Actions and Events 193

9.1 Control and Event URLs 193

9.2 Exchange Protocols for Actions 195

9.3 Exchange Protocols for Events 201

10. HTTP Media Streaming 209

10.1 HTTP Servers and Clients 210

10.2 Transfer Modes 211

10.3 HTTP Methods 223

10.4 HTTP Versions 226

10.5 Relevant HTTP Headers 227

11. Media Control Experience 241

11.1 Navigation Operations 243

11.2 Playback Operations 250

12. Digital Media Requirements 269

12.1 Media Formats and Profiles 270

12.2 Proliferation of Media Format Profiles 271

12.3 Exposing Content in a CDS 273

12.4 MIME Types 274

12.5 The Profile ID 275

12.6 Media Interoperability 276

12.7 Mandatory Profiles for the HND Category 279

12.9 Summary of DLNA Media Requirements 280

13. Media Format Profiles 281

13.1 Image Class: JPEG Content 281

13.2 Audio Class: AAC Content 283

13.3 Audio Class: LPCM Content 285

13.4 Audio Class: MP3 Content 286

13.5 Audio Class: WMA Content 287

13.6 A/V Class: AVC Content 289

13.7 A/V Class: MPEG-2 PS Content 290

13.8 A/V Class: MPEG-2 TS Content 293

13.9 A/V Class: WMV Content 301

13.10 MP4 Files 303

13.11 Profiles for Link Protection 303

13.12 Assignment of Profile IDs 304

14. AVT Actions and State Variables 307

14.1 AVT Actions 307

14.2 AVT State Variables 320

15. CDS Actions and State Variables 331

15.1 CDS Actions 331

15.2 CDS State Variables 339

16. CMS Actions and State Variables 341

16.1 CMS Actions 341

16.2 CMS State Variables 344

17. RCS Actions and State Variables 347

17.1 RCS Actions 347

17.2 RCS State Variables 355

Appendix A: Error Codes 359

Appendix B: Size Limits in Data Structures 363

Glossary 365

References 371

Index 379