Investment Performance Measurement: Evaluating and Presenting Results
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Investment Performance Measurement

Over the past two decades, the importance of measuring, presenting, and evaluating investment performance results has dramatically increased. With the growth of capital market data services, the development of quantitative analytical techniques, and the widespread acceptance of Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®), this discipline has emerged as a central component of effective asset management and, thanks in part to the Certificate in Investment Performance Measurement (CIPM) program, has become a recognized area of specialization for investment professionals.

That's why Investment Performance Measurement: Evaluating and Presenting Results—the second essential title in the CFA Institute Investment Perspectives series—has been created. CFA Institute has a long tradition of publishing content from industry thought leaders, and now this new collection offers unparalleled guidance to those working in the rapidly evolving field of investment management.

Drawing from the Research Foundation of CFA Institute, the Financial Analysts Journal, CFA Institute Conference Proceedings Quarterly, CFA Magazine, and the CIPM curriculum, this reliable resource taps into the vast store of knowledge of some of today's most prominent thought leaders—from industry professionals to respected academics—who have focused on investment performance evaluation for a majority of their careers.

Divided into five comprehensive parts, this timely volume opens with an extensive overview of performance measurement, attribution, and appraisal. Here, you'll become familiar with everything from the algebra of time-weighted and money-weighted rates of return to the objectives and techniques of performance appraisal.

After this informative introduction, Investment Performance Measurement moves on to:

  • Provide a solid understanding of the theoretical grounds for benchmarking and the trade-offs encountered during practice in Part II: Performance Measurement
  • Describe the different aspects of attribution analysis as well as the determinants of portfolio performance in Part III: Performance Attribution
  • Address everything from hedge fund risks and returns to fund management changes and equity style shifts in Part IV: Performance Appraisal
  • Recount the history and explain the provisions of the GIPS standards—with attention paid to the many practical issues that arise in the course of its implementation—in Part V: Global Investment Performance Standards

Filled with invaluable insights from more than fifty experienced contributors, this practical guide will enhance your understanding of investment performance measurement and put you in a better position to present and evaluate results in the most effective way possible.

English

PHILIP LAWTON, PHD, CFA, CIPM, heads the Certificate in Investment Performance Measurement (CIPM) program at CFA Institute. His previous experience includes serving as vice president at State Street Analytics, where he supported the investment consulting firms that belong to the Independent Consultants Cooperative, and at Citibank, where he headed U.S. performance measurement in Worldwide Securities Services. Lawton is a frequent speaker on institutional investing and performance measurement at industry conferences.

TODD JANKOWSKI, CFA, is Director of Curriculum Development for the Certificate in Investment Performance Measurement (CIPM) program at CFA Institute. Prior to joining CFA Institute, he was head of investment research in the Wealth Management division of Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, where he had earlier held investment management positions in the Retail Advisory and Institutional Private Placement divisions.

English

Foreword xi

Robert R. Johnson, CFA

Introduction 1
Philip Lawton, CFA, CIPM, and Todd Jankowski, CFA

PART I: OVERVIEW OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

CHAPTER 1 Evaluating Portfolio Performance 11
Jeffery V. Bailey, CFA, Thomas M. Richards, CFA, and David E. Tierney

PART II: PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT

CHAPTER 2 Benchmarks and Investment Management 81
Laurence B. Siegel

CHAPTER 3 The Importance of Index Selection 189
Christopher G. Luck, CFA

CHAPTER 4 After-Tax Performance Evaluation 203
James M. Poterba

CHAPTER 5 Taxable Benchmarks: The Complexity Increases 217
Lee N. Price, CFA

CHAPTER 6 Overcoming Cap-Weighted Bond Benchmark Defi ciencies 233
William L. Nemerever, CFA

CHAPTER 7 Yield Bogeys 251
Brent Ambrose and Arthur Warga

CHAPTER 8 Jumping on the Benchmark Bandwagon: Benchmark Methodologies Are the Subject of Vigorous Debate 259
Crystal Detamore-Rodman

PART III: PERFORMANCE ATTRIBUTION

CHAPTER 9 Determinants of Portfolio Performance 267
Gary P. Brinson, L. Randolph Hood, CFA, and Gilbert L. Beebower

CHAPTER 10 Determinants of Portfolio Performance II: An Update 277
Gary P. Brinson, Brian D. Singer, CFA, and Gilbert L. Beebower

CHAPTER 11 Determinants of Portfolio Performance—20 Years Later 289
L. Randolph Hood, CFA

CHAPTER 12 Equity Portfolio Characteristics in Performance Analysis 293
Stephen C. Gaudette, CFA, and Philip Lawton, CFA, CIPM

CHAPTER 13 Mutual Fund Performance: Does Fund Size Matter? 307
Daniel C. Indro, Christine X. Jiang, Michael Y. Hu, and Wayne Y. Lee

CHAPTER 14 Multiperiod Arithmetic Attribution 327
José Menchero, CFA

CHAPTER 15 Optimized Geometric Attribution 351
José Menchero, CFA

CHAPTER 16 Custom Factor Attribution 367
José Menchero, CFA, and Vijay Poduri, CFA

CHAPTER 17 Return, Risk, and Performance Attribution 387
Kevin Terhaar, CFA

CHAPTER 18 Global Asset Management and Performance Attribution 397
Denis S. Karnosky and Brian D. Singer, CFA

CHAPTER 19 Currency Overlay in Performance Evaluation 457
Cornelia Paape

PART IV: PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL

CHAPTER 20 On the Performance of Hedge Funds 481
Bing Liang

CHAPTER 21 Funds of Hedge Funds: Performance and Persistence 501
Stan Beckers

CHAPTER 22 Hedge Fund Due Diligence: Putting Together the Pieces of the Mosaic Helps Reveal Operational Risks 513
Cynthia Harrington, CFA

CHAPTER 23 Putting Risk Measurement in Context: Why One Size Does Not Fit All 517
Cynthia Harrington, CFA

CHAPTER 24 Conditional Performance Evaluation, Revisited 521
Wayne E. Ferson and Meijun Qian

CHAPTER 25 Distinguishing True Alpha from Beta 591
Laurence B. Siegel

CHAPTER 26 A Portfolio Performance Index 605
Michael Stutzer

CHAPTER 27 Approximating the Confi dence Intervals for Sharpe Style Weights 619
Angelo Lobosco and Dan DiBartolomeo

CHAPTER 28 The Statistics of Sharpe Ratios 629
Andrew W. Lo

CHAPTER 29 Risk-Adjusted Performance: The Correlation Correction 653
Arun S. Muralidhar

CHAPTER 30 Index Changes and Losses to Index Fund Investors 669
Honghui Chen, Gregory Noronha, CFA, and Vijay Singal, CFA

CHAPTER 31 Information Ratios and Batting Averages 693
Neil Constable and Jeremy Armitage, CFA

CHAPTER 32 The Information Ratio 705
Thomas H. Goodwin

CHAPTER 33 Does Asset Allocation Policy Explain 40, 90, or 100 Percent of Performance? 719
Roger G. Ibbotson and Paul D. Kaplan

CHAPTER 34 Fund Management Changes and Equity Style Shifts 731
John G. Gallo and Larry J. Lockwood

CHAPTER 35 Managing Performance: Monitoring and Transitioning Managers 745
Louisa Wright Sellers

CHAPTER 36 Does the Emperor Wear Clothes or Not? The Final Word (or Almost) on the Parable of Investment Management 757
Philip Halpern, Nancy Calkins, and Tom Ruggels

CHAPTER 37 Does Historical Performance Predict Future Performance? 767
Ronald N. Kahn and Andrew Rudd

CHAPTER 38 Evaluating Fund Performance in a Dynamic Market 785
Wayne E. Ferson and Vincent A. Warther

CHAPTER 39 Investment Performance Appraisal 799
John P. Meier, CFA

CHAPTER 40 Thinking Outside the Box: Risk Management Firms Put a Creative Spin on Coupling Theory with Practice 815
Susan Trammell, CFA

PART V: GLOBAL INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

CHAPTER 41 Global Investment Performance Standards  825
Philip Lawton, CFA, CIPM, and W. Bruce Remington, CFA

APPENDIX A Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®) 899

APPENDIX B Corrections to GIPS Standards 2005: Last Updated October 31, 2006 951

About the Contributors 953

Index 956

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