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More About This Title Adventure Sport Physiology
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This book provides students and professionals with a well-written, accessible introduction to the science underlying a variety of adventure sports. Written specifically for this increasingly popular field of study, the text has been divided into two parts: the first provides the foundations for adventure physiology, the second the specific physiological and environmental demands of a range of adventure sports including kayaking, canoeing, sailing, windsurfing, climbing, mountaineering and skiing.
Written by two adventure sports performers with extensive teaching and coaching experience, this book will prove invaluable to students taking courses in adventure and outdoor education and professional instructors involved in such activities. In addition, students of sport and exercise science and physical education will find this an excellent introduction to the physiological response to exercise.
- Clearly explains the basic physiological principles and applies them to a variety of land and water-based sports.
- In full colour throughout, the book includes numerous illustrations, together with key points and chapter summaries to reinforce learning.
- Contains original pieces from elite and high-level athletes describing the physiological demands of their particular sport in a real-world context. These include London sports personality of the year Anna Hemmings, respected climbers Dave Macleod and Neil Gresham, and Olympic medallists Tim Brabants and Ben Ainslie.
- Dedicated web site contains an original sample training programme and a set of adventure sport specific exercises.
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Dr Nicholas Draper, Principal Lecturer, School of Physical Education, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
Nick has considerable teaching experience in both the UK and the US. He is a qualified coach in kayaking and mountaineering and for three years was the performance planner for the British judo team. Nick's research interests include coaching and sports science support as they relate to the Adventure and Physical Education Domains.
Mr Christopher Hodgson, Senior Lecturer, School of Physical Education, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
Chris is a fully qualified member of the International Association of Ski Instructors, a British Canoe Union Level V Coach and has taught and led adventurous activity programmes in North America, Europe, Africa and India. Chris' research interests include human performance during environmentally induced stress, the enhancement of adventure sports performance and the experience of adventure activities.
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Acknowledgements xi
Preface xiii
Part I: The Foundations of Adventure Sport Physiology 1
1. A historical perspective: the context of adventure physiology 3
1.1 The earliest physiologists 3
1.2 The founders of exercise physiology 11
1.3 The development of environmental physiology 13
1.4 The origins of adventure physiology 15
1.5 The development of adventure sports 18
2. Nutrition for health and performance 31
2.1 Introduction to nutrition 31
2.2 Carbohydrates 39
2.3 Fats 43
2.4 Proteins 49
2.5 Vitamins 54
2.6 Minerals 58
2.7 Water 61
2.8 Digestion 62
2.9 Components of a healthy balanced diet 64
2.10 Summary and study questions 68
3. The structure and functioning of the human body 71
3.1 The cellular basis for life 71
3.2 Skeletal system 80
3.3 Nervous system 84
3.4 Endocrine system 96
3.5 Summary and study questions 102
4. Fundamental systems for adventure sports 105
4.1 Muscular system 105
4.2 Respiratory system 121
4.3 Cardiovascular system 133
4.4 Energy systems 145
4.5 Summary and study questions 151
5. Training fundamentals 155
5.1 Introduction to training methodology 155
5.2 Developing and designing training programmes 176
5.3 Summary and study questions 194
Part II: The Physiological Demands of Adventure Sports 197
6. Power and power endurance: the explosive activities 199
6.1 Introduction 199
6.2 Muscle fibre types 200
6.3 The phosphagen system 204
6.4 Physiological response to power and power endurance activities and fatigue 211
6.5 Physiological adaptations to power training 218
6.6 Nutritional ergogenic aids to power performance 219
6.7 Summary and study questions 223
7. Anaerobic endurance: the lactate tolerance and management activities 227
7.1 Introduction 227
7.2 Glycolysis 228
7.3 Physiological response to anaerobic endurance activities and fatigue 239
7.4 Physiological adaptations to anaerobic endurance training 245
7.5 Nutritional ergogenic aids to anaerobic performance 246
7.6 Sport-specific physiology 248
7.7 Summary and study questions 257
8. Intermittent adventure activities 261
8.1 Introduction 261
8.2 Physiology of intermittent activities 262
8.3 Training and recovery in intermittent activity 267
8.4 Nutrition and ergogenic aids for intermittent activities 268
8.5 Water immersion 271
8.6 The physiology of water-based adventure sports 282
8.7 Summary and study questions 295
9. Aerobic endurance part 1: high-intensity activities 299
9.1 Introduction 299
9.2 Aerobic-anaerobic transition and lactate threshold 300
9.3 Physiological response to high-intensity endurance activities 307
9.4 Physiological adaptations to training 318
9.5 Nutritional ergogenic aids to aerobic performance 320
9.6 Physiological challenge of thermal stress 323
9.7 The physiology of land-based adventure sports 333
9.8 The physiology of water-based adventure sports 336
9.9 Summary and study questions 346
10. Aerobic endurance part 2: lower-intensity activities 351
10.1 Introduction 351
10.2 Aerobic system 352
10.3 Physiological response to lower intensity endurance activities 373
10.4 Physiological adaptations to training 376
10.5 Nutritional ergogenic aids to aerobic performance 377
10.6 The effects of hyperbaric and hypobaric condition on performance 382
10.7 The physiology of mountaineering 396
10.8 Summary and study questions 406
References 411
Index 429
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“Well illustrated and clearly written, the book is particularly strong in the chemical foundations of nutrition and the production of energy for movement.”–Choice Reviews, July 2009
