Radioisotope Gauges for Industrial ProcessMeasurements
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More About This Title Radioisotope Gauges for Industrial ProcessMeasurements
English
In order to fully utilise nucleonic measurement principles andtheir applications, it is important to have an understanding of theunderlying physics. Radioisotope Gauges for Industrial ProcessMeasurements combines theoretical background with practicalexperience in order to present an accessible overview of the use ofradioisotopes in industry. This unique book explains the modes ofoperation of installed gauges and presents nucleonic methodsrelevant to measurement problems. The first part of the book dealswith radiation sources, the interaction of radiation with matterand radiation detectors. The second part explains the differentmeasurement principles used for industrial gauges and the last partof the book covers industrial applications. This book also:
* Features a concise introduction to atomic and nuclearphysics.
* Presents a range of nucleonic measurement methods andhighlights their application to a variety of problems.
* Contains an overview of electronics, measurement accuracy,safety and standards.
* Considers processes and demands, design strategies andpractical realisation of measurement systems.
* Provides many practical engineering examples.
Offering a comprehensive coverage of engineering applications,this book is an essential tool for electrical, electronic andinstrument engineers in the oil and chemicals processing sectors.It is also a valuable reference to graduate students and physicistsinvolved in nuclear radiation measurement, medical applications,radiochemical research, environmental monitoring and chemicalengineering.
* Features a concise introduction to atomic and nuclearphysics.
* Presents a range of nucleonic measurement methods andhighlights their application to a variety of problems.
* Contains an overview of electronics, measurement accuracy,safety and standards.
* Considers processes and demands, design strategies andpractical realisation of measurement systems.
* Provides many practical engineering examples.
Offering a comprehensive coverage of engineering applications,this book is an essential tool for electrical, electronic andinstrument engineers in the oil and chemicals processing sectors.It is also a valuable reference to graduate students and physicistsinvolved in nuclear radiation measurement, medical applications,radiochemical research, environmental monitoring and chemicalengineering.
English
Preface.
Symbols, Units and Abbreviations.
1. Introduction.
1.1 Ionising Radiation.
1.2 Industrial Nucleonic Measurement Systems.
1.3 Historical Perspective.
1.4 The Objective of this Book.
2. Radiation Sources.
2.1 A Primer on Atomic and Nuclear Physics Emissions.
2.2 Radioisotope Sources.
2.3 Other Radiation Sources.
2.4 Sealed Radioisotope Sources versus X-ray Tubes.
3. Interaction of Ionising Radiation with Matter.
3.1 Charged Particle Interactions.
3.2 Attenuation of Ionising Photons.
3.3 The Attenuation Coefficient of Ionising Photons.
3.4 Attenuation Coefficients of Compounds and Mixtures.
3.5 Broad Beam Attenuation.
3.6 Neutron Interactions.
3.7 Effective Atomic Number.
3.8 Secondary Electrons.
4. Radiation Detectors.
4.1 Principle of Operation.
4.2 Detector Response and Spectrum Interpretation.
4.3 Purposes and Properties of Detector Systems.
4.4 Gaseous Detectors.
4.5 Semiconductor Detectors.
4.6 Scintillation Detectors.
4.7 Position Sensitive Detectors.
4.8 Thermoelectric Coolers.
4.9 Stopping Efficiency and Radiation Windows.
4.10 Neutron Detectors.
5. Radiation Measurement.
5.1 Read-Out Electronics.
5.2 Data Processing Electronics and Methods.
5.3 Measurement Accuracy.
5.4 Optimising Measurement Conditions.
5.5 Measurement Modalities.
6. Safety, Standards and Calibration.
6.1 Classification of Industrial Radioisotope Gauges.
6.2 Radiological Protection.
6.3 Radiation Monitors and Survey Meters.
6.4 Radiological Protection Methods.
6.5 Transport of Radioactive Materials.
6.6 Leakage Testing of Sealed Sources.
6.7 Statutory Requirements.
6.8 Calibration and Traceability.
7. Applications.
7.1 Density Measurement.
7.2 Component Fraction Measurements.
7.3 Level and Interface.
7.4 Thickness Measurements.
7.5 Flow Measurement Techniques.
7.6 Elemental Analysis.
7.7 Imaging.
8. Engineering.
8.1 Electronic Data.
8.2 Rationale for Using Radioisotope Sources.
8.3 Density Gauge Design.
8.4 Dual Energy Density Gauge.
8.5 Monte Carlo Simulation.
Appendix A: Data.
Appendix B: Formulae Derivation and Examples.
Appendix C: References.
Index.
Symbols, Units and Abbreviations.
1. Introduction.
1.1 Ionising Radiation.
1.2 Industrial Nucleonic Measurement Systems.
1.3 Historical Perspective.
1.4 The Objective of this Book.
2. Radiation Sources.
2.1 A Primer on Atomic and Nuclear Physics Emissions.
2.2 Radioisotope Sources.
2.3 Other Radiation Sources.
2.4 Sealed Radioisotope Sources versus X-ray Tubes.
3. Interaction of Ionising Radiation with Matter.
3.1 Charged Particle Interactions.
3.2 Attenuation of Ionising Photons.
3.3 The Attenuation Coefficient of Ionising Photons.
3.4 Attenuation Coefficients of Compounds and Mixtures.
3.5 Broad Beam Attenuation.
3.6 Neutron Interactions.
3.7 Effective Atomic Number.
3.8 Secondary Electrons.
4. Radiation Detectors.
4.1 Principle of Operation.
4.2 Detector Response and Spectrum Interpretation.
4.3 Purposes and Properties of Detector Systems.
4.4 Gaseous Detectors.
4.5 Semiconductor Detectors.
4.6 Scintillation Detectors.
4.7 Position Sensitive Detectors.
4.8 Thermoelectric Coolers.
4.9 Stopping Efficiency and Radiation Windows.
4.10 Neutron Detectors.
5. Radiation Measurement.
5.1 Read-Out Electronics.
5.2 Data Processing Electronics and Methods.
5.3 Measurement Accuracy.
5.4 Optimising Measurement Conditions.
5.5 Measurement Modalities.
6. Safety, Standards and Calibration.
6.1 Classification of Industrial Radioisotope Gauges.
6.2 Radiological Protection.
6.3 Radiation Monitors and Survey Meters.
6.4 Radiological Protection Methods.
6.5 Transport of Radioactive Materials.
6.6 Leakage Testing of Sealed Sources.
6.7 Statutory Requirements.
6.8 Calibration and Traceability.
7. Applications.
7.1 Density Measurement.
7.2 Component Fraction Measurements.
7.3 Level and Interface.
7.4 Thickness Measurements.
7.5 Flow Measurement Techniques.
7.6 Elemental Analysis.
7.7 Imaging.
8. Engineering.
8.1 Electronic Data.
8.2 Rationale for Using Radioisotope Sources.
8.3 Density Gauge Design.
8.4 Dual Energy Density Gauge.
8.5 Monte Carlo Simulation.
Appendix A: Data.
Appendix B: Formulae Derivation and Examples.
Appendix C: References.
Index.
