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More About This Title Pumps and Compressors
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A practical guide to the majority of pumps and compressors used in engineering applications
Pumps and compressors are ubiquitous in industry, used in manufacturing, processing and chemical plant, HVAC installations, aerospace propulsion systems, medical applications, and everywhere else where there is a need to pump liquids, or circulate or compress gasses. This well-illustrated handbook covers the basic function, performance, and applications for the most widely used pump and compressor types available on the market today. It explains how each device operates and includes the governing mathematics needed to calculate device performance such as flow rates and compression. Additionally, real-world issues such as cavitation, and priming are covered.
Pumps & Compressors is divided into two sections, each of which offers a notation of variables and an introduction. The Pumps section covers piston pumps, radial turbopumps, axial turbopumps, rotating pumps, hydraulic pumps, and pumps with driving flow. The Compressors section covers piston compressors, rotating compressors, turbo compressors, ejectors, vacuum pumps, and compressors for cooling purposes.
- A virtual encyclopedia of all pumps and compressors that describes the mechanics of all devices and the theory, mathematics, and formulas governing their function
- Allows the reader to develop the skills needed to confidently select the appropriate pump or compressor type and specification for their applications
Pumps & Compressors is an excellent text for courses on pumps and compressors, as well as a valuable reference for professional engineers and laymen seeking knowledge on the topic.
English
Marc Borremans, PhD, retired as Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the Erasmus University College Brussels after more than 30 years teaching pumps and compressors (among other subjects). He now runs his own consultancy, providing advice and training on computer-aided design and pumps and compressors.
English
Preface
Acknowledgement
Part 1 Pumps – Content
Chapter A General Concepts
1 Hydrostatics A1
2 Flow A1
3 Law of Bernoulli A2
4 Static and dynamic pressure A2
5 Viscosity A3
6 Extension of Bernoulli’s Law A6
7 Laminar and turbulent flow A7
8 Laminar flow
8.1 Hydraulic resistance A8
8.2 Hydraulic diameter A9
9 Turbulent flow A11
10 Moody’s diagram A.14
11 Feed pressure
12.1 Geodetic feed pressure A17
12.2 Static feed presusre A18
12.3 Manometric feed pressure A18
12.4 Theoretical feed presusre A19
12 Law of Bernoulli in moving frames A19
13 Water hammer A20
14 Flow mechanics
14.1 Hydro foils A21
14.2 Application A23
Chapter B Positive Displacement Pumps
1 Reciprocating Pumps
1.1 Operation B1
1.1 Flow B.1
1.2 Valves B.2
1.4 Sealing B.2
1.5 Plunger pumps B.3
1.6 Hand pump B.3
1.7 Double acting pump B.4
1.8 Membrane pump B.4
1.9 Triplex pump B.6
1.10 Hydrophore B.7
2 Maximum Suction Head
2.1 Theoretically B.8
2.2 Vapor pressure B.8
2.3 Velocity B.9
2.4 Barometer B.9
2.5 Friction B.10
2.6 Acceleration
2.6.1 Cinematics B.10
2.6.2 Dynamics B.11
2.7 Air chambers
2.7.1 Suction side B.12
2.7.2 Press side B.13
3 Characteristic Values
3.1 Manometric feed pressure B.15
3.2 Theoretical feed pressure B.16
3.3 Power and Efficiency B.16
3.4 Example B.17
3.5 Characteristic curve or the pump
3.5.1 Characteristic of pipe line B.19
3.5.2 Characteristic of the pump B.19
2.5.3 Regulation B.20
3.6 Conclusion B.20
4. Hydraulic Pumps
4.1 Introduction B.21
4.2 Sliding vane pump B.22
4.3 Gear pump
4.3.1 External toothing B.22
4.3.2 Internal toothing B.24
4.4 Screw pumps B.26
4.5 Radial plunger pumps B.28
4.6 Axial plunger pumps B.29
5. Other Displacement Pumps
5.1 Lobe pumps B.32
5.2 Peristaltic pump B.35
5.3 Mono-pump B.37
5.4 Flex impeller pump B.40
5.5 Side channel pump B.41
Chapter C Dynamic Pumps
1 Radial Turbopumps
1.1 General C.1
1.2 Impeller forms
1.2.1 Closed impeller C.3
1.2.2 Half open impeller C.3
1.2.3 Open impeller C.4
1.3 Velocity triangle C.4
1.4 Flow
1.4.1 Definition C.5
1.4.2 Flow determining component C.5
1.4.3 The relative flow C.5
1.5 Static pressure in closed pump C.7
1.6 Theoretical feed pressure
1.6.1 Law of Bernoulli in moving frames C.8
1.6.2 Discussion C.9
1.6.3 The relative flow C.9
1.7. Example 1 C.10
1.8 Example 2 C.11
1.9 Diffusor C.13
1.10 Influence of vane type
1.10.1 Graphically C.15
1.10.2 Analytically C.15
1.11 Pumps curve
1.11.1 System curve C.16
1.11.2 Pump curve C.16
1.11.3 Operating point C.17
1.12 Pump efficiency C.18
1.13 Influence rpm C.18
1.14 1ste set of affinity laws C.18
1.15 2nd set of affinity laws C.20
1.16 Surge C.20
1.17 Application field C.21
1.18 Flow regulation
1.18.1 Throttle regulation C.23
1.18.2 By-pass regulation C.24
1.18.3 Rotation speed regulation C.24
1.18.4 Comparison C.25
1.19 Startup of the pump C.26
1.20 High pressure pumps C.27
1.21 Roto-jet pumps C.29
1.22 Vortex pumps C.30
2 Axial Turbopumps
2.1 Operation C.32
2.2 Volumetric flow
2.2.1 Axial velocity C.33
2.2.2 Perpendicular surface A’ C.34
2.3 Theoretical feed pressure C.35
2.4 Example C.36
2.5 Diffusor C.37
2.6 Vane profile C.37
2.7 Half-axial pumps
2.7.2 Motivation C.38
2.7.2 Francis vane pump (screw pump) C.38
2.7.3 Mixed-vane pump C.40
2.8 Characteristics turbo pumps C.42
2.9 Archimedes screw C.45
3 Turbopumps – Advanced Study
3.1 1st number of Rateau C.45
3.2 2nd number of Rateau C.45
3.3 Homologues series C.46
3.4 Optimal homologues series C.48
3.5 Rateau number with axial pumps C.48
3.6 Specific speed C.49
3.7 Cavitation C.51
3.8 NPSH C.52
3.9 NPSH characteristics C.54
3.10 Counteracting cavitation C.56
3.11 Inducers C.56
3.12 Doubled sided entry C.57
3.13 Characteristic of pump C.58
3.14 Suction specific speed C.58
3.15 Series connection C.60
3.16 Parallel connection C.61
3.17 Influence velocity C.62
3.18 Special turbopumps
3.18.1 Submersible pumps C.66
3.18.2 Electro pumps C.69
3.19 Contaminated liquids C.70
3.20 Cutter pumps C.71
3.21 Mounting C.72
Chapter D Flow Driven Pumps
1 General D.1
2 Liquids jet liquid pumps D.2
3 Liquid jet solid pumps; D.2
4 Liquid jet mixers D.3
5 Steam jet liquid pumps D.4
6 The feedback pump D.4
7 Air pressure pump D.5
Chapter E Sealing
1 Labyrinth seals E.1
2 Lip seals E.3
3 V-ring seals E.5
4 Gland packing E.7
5 Lantern rings E.9
6 Mechanical seals
6.1 Fundamentals E10
6.2 Balanced seals E.12
6.3 The configurations E.15
7 Hydrodynamic seals E.10
8 Hermetic pumps
8.1 Magnetic coupling
8.2 Bus pumps
Part 2 Compressors – Content
Chapter F General
1 Terminology F.1
2 Normal volume F.
3 Ideal gasses F1
4 Work and power
4.1 Compression work F.
4.2 Technical work F.2
4.3 Technical power F.4
5 Nozzles F.4
6 Flow F.6
7 Types of compressors F.8
8 Choice and selection F.9
9 Psychrometrics
9.1 Partial pressure F.10
9.2 Equivalent molar mass F11.
9.3 Moist air F.11
9.4 Water content F.13
9.5 Saturated and unsaturated air F.13
9.6 Relation between x and p_W F.13
Chapter G Piston Compressors
1 Indicator diagram G.
2 Parts
2.1 Cylinders G.
2.2 Sealing G.
2.3 Valves G.
3 Volumetric efficiency G.
4 Membrane compressor G.
5 Work & Power
5.1 Technical work G.
5.2 Isothermal compression G.
5.3 Polytropic compression G.
5.4 Conclusions G.
6 Two stage compressor
6.1 Motivation G.
6.2 Two stages G.
6.2.1General G.
6.2.2. Indicator diagram G.
6.2.3 Intermediate pressure G.
6.2.4 Work per stage G.
6.2.5 Compression temperature G.
6.2.6 Cylinder dimensions G.
6.2.7 Volumetric efficiency G.
6.2.8 Mounting G.
7 Three stages compressors G.
8 Flow regulation
8.1 Speed G.
8.2 Throttling suction line G.
8.3 Keeping suction valves open G.
8.4 Dead volume G.
8.5 Speed regulation
8.5.1 Star-triangle connection G.
8.5.2 Frequency convertor G.
9 Refrigeration piston compressor G.
Chapter H: Other Displacement Compressors
1 Roots compressor
Operation
Technical work
Properties
Vane compressor
Operation
Design and compression pressure
Properties
Screw compressor
3.1 Operation
3.2 Properties
3.3 Regulation
3.4 Compressed air installation
3.5 Refrigerant compressor
4 Mono screw compressor
4.1 Operation
4.2 Properties
4.2 Regulation
5 Scroll compressor
6 Tooth compressor
7 Rolling piston
7.1 Operation “Rotary”
7.2 Swing compressor
8 Liquid ring compressor
8.1 Operation
8.2 Properties
9 Regulation
Chapter I Turbo Compressors
1 Centrifugal fan
1.1 General
Static and dynamic pressure
Types of fans
Behaviour of different types of fans
Study of the characteristics
Selection of a fan
Cross stream fan
Side channel fans
Turbo fan
Multistage centrifugal compressor
Refrigerant turbo compressor
Axial fans
7.1 Single stage fan
7.2 Reaction degree
Contrarotating fans
7.4 Variable pitch
7.5 Two stages fan
7.6 Single stage turbo compressor
Axial multistage compressor
Calculation example
Surge Limit
11 Choke limit
11.1 Introducing nozzles
11.2 Behaviour at changing counter pressure
12 Comparison axial versus centrifugal
13 Regulation of turbo compressors
13.1 Speed
13.2 Throttling
13.3 Variable guide vane
14 Efficiency of turbo compressors
Chapter J Jet Ejectors
1 Steam ejector compressor
1.1 General
1.2 Mixing heat exchanger
1.3 Surface heat exchangers
2 Gas jet ejector
3 Applications
3.1 Application 1
3.2 Application 2
Chapter K Vacuum Pumps
1 Bourbon measuring devices
2 Vacuum areas
2.1 Kinetic gas theory
2.2 Formation time
2.3 Types of flow
3 Rough vacuum
Membrane pumps
Steam jet vacuum pumps
Liquid vacuum ejector pump
Gas jet vacuum pump
Centrifugal vacuum pumps
3.6 Liquid water ring pumps
Medium vacuum
4.1 Vane pump
4.2 The gas ballast
4.3 Screw vacuum pumps
4.4 Scroll vacuum pumps
4.5 Rolling piston
4.6 Claw pump
Roots vacuum pump
5 High Vacuum
Diffusion pumps
5.2 Diffusion ejector pumps
5.3 Turbo molecular pumps
6 Ultra high vacuum
6.1 Sorption pumps
6.2 Adsorption pumps
Sublimation pump
6.4 Ion getter pump
7 Overview
8 Appendices
Appendix 1: The Velocity Profile & Mean Velocity for a Laminar Flow
Appendix 2: Calculation of λ for a Laminar Flow
Index
Preface
Acknowledgement
Part 1 Pumps – Content
Chapter A General Concepts
1 Hydrostatics A1
2 Flow A1
3 Law of Bernoulli A2
4 Static and dynamic pressure A2
5 Viscosity A3
6 Extension of Bernoulli’s Law A6
7 Laminar and turbulent flow A7
8 Laminar flow
8.1 Hydraulic resistance A8
8.2 Hydraulic diameter A9
9 Turbulent flow A11
10 Moody’s diagram A.14
11 Feed pressure
12.1 Geodetic feed pressure A17
12.2 Static feed presusre A18
12.3 Manometric feed pressure A18
12.4 Theoretical feed presusre A19
12 Law of Bernoulli in moving frames A19
13 Water hammer A20
14 Flow mechanics
14.1 Hydro foils A21
14.2 Application A23
Chapter B Positive Displacement Pumps
1 Reciprocating Pumps
1.1 Operation B1
1.1 Flow B.1
1.2 Valves B.2
1.4 Sealing B.2
1.5 Plunger pumps B.3
1.6 Hand pump B.3
1.7 Double acting pump B.4
1.8 Membrane pump B.4
1.9 Triplex pump B.6
1.10 Hydrophore B.7
2 Maximum Suction Head
2.1 Theoretically B.8
2.2 Vapor pressure B.8
2.3 Velocity B.9
2.4 Barometer B.9
2.5 Friction B.10
2.6 Acceleration
2.6.1 Cinematics B.10
2.6.2 Dynamics B.11
2.7 Air chambers
2.7.1 Suction side B.12
2.7.2 Press side B.13
3 Characteristic Values
3.1 Manometric feed pressure B.15
3.2 Theoretical feed pressure B.16
3.3 Power and Efficiency B.16
3.4 Example B.17
3.5 Characteristic curve or the pump
3.5.1 Characteristic of pipe line B.19
3.5.2 Characteristic of the pump B.19
2.5.3 Regulation B.20
3.6 Conclusion B.20
4. Hydraulic Pumps
4.1 Introduction B.21
4.2 Sliding vane pump B.22
4.3 Gear pump
4.3.1 External toothing B.22
4.3.2 Internal toothing B.24
4.4 Screw pumps B.26
4.5 Radial plunger pumps B.28
4.6 Axial plunger pumps B.29
5. Other Displacement Pumps
5.1 Lobe pumps B.32
5.2 Peristaltic pump B.35
5.3 Mono-pump B.37
5.4 Flex impeller pump B.40
5.5 Side channel pump B.41
Chapter C Dynamic Pumps
1 Radial Turbopumps
1.1 General C.1
1.2 Impeller forms
1.2.1 Closed impeller C.3
1.2.2 Half open impeller C.3
1.2.3 Open impeller C.4
1.3 Velocity triangle C.4
1.4 Flow
1.4.1 Definition C.5
1.4.2 Flow determining component C.5
1.4.3 The relative flow C.5
1.5 Static pressure in closed pump C.7
1.6 Theoretical feed pressure
1.6.1 Law of Bernoulli in moving frames C.8
1.6.2 Discussion C.9
1.6.3 The relative flow C.9
1.7. Example 1 C.10
1.8 Example 2 C.11
1.9 Diffusor C.13
1.10 Influence of vane type
1.10.1 Graphically C.15
1.10.2 Analytically C.15
1.11 Pumps curve
1.11.1 System curve C.16
1.11.2 Pump curve C.16
1.11.3 Operating point C.17
1.12 Pump efficiency C.18
1.13 Influence rpm C.18
1.14 1ste set of affinity laws C.18
1.15 2nd set of affinity laws C.20
1.16 Surge C.20
1.17 Application field C.21
1.18 Flow regulation
1.18.1 Throttle regulation C.23
1.18.2 By-pass regulation C.24
1.18.3 Rotation speed regulation C.24
1.18.4 Comparison C.25
1.19 Startup of the pump C.26
1.20 High pressure pumps C.27
1.21 Roto-jet pumps C.29
1.22 Vortex pumps C.30
2 Axial Turbopumps
2.1 Operation C.32
2.2 Volumetric flow
2.2.1 Axial velocity C.33
2.2.2 Perpendicular surface A’ C.34
2.3 Theoretical feed pressure C.35
2.4 Example C.36
2.5 Diffusor C.37
2.6 Vane profile C.37
2.7 Half-axial pumps
2.7.2 Motivation C.38
2.7.2 Francis vane pump (screw pump) C.38
2.7.3 Mixed-vane pump C.40
2.8 Characteristics turbo pumps C.42
2.9 Archimedes screw C.45
3 Turbopumps – Advanced Study
3.1 1st number of Rateau C.45
3.2 2nd number of Rateau C.45
3.3 Homologues series C.46
3.4 Optimal homologues series C.48
3.5 Rateau number with axial pumps C.48
3.6 Specific speed C.49
3.7 Cavitation C.51
3.8 NPSH C.52
3.9 NPSH characteristics C.54
3.10 Counteracting cavitation C.56
3.11 Inducers C.56
3.12 Doubled sided entry C.57
3.13 Characteristic of pump C.58
3.14 Suction specific speed C.58
3.15 Series connection C.60
3.16 Parallel connection C.61
3.17 Influence velocity C.62
3.18 Special turbopumps
3.18.1 Submersible pumps C.66
3.18.2 Electro pumps C.69
3.19 Contaminated liquids C.70
3.20 Cutter pumps C.71
3.21 Mounting C.72
Chapter D Flow Driven Pumps
1 General D.1
2 Liquids jet liquid pumps D.2
3 Liquid jet solid pumps; D.2
4 Liquid jet mixers D.3
5 Steam jet liquid pumps D.4
6 The feedback pump D.4
7 Air pressure pump D.5
Chapter E Sealing
1 Labyrinth seals E.1
2 Lip seals E.3
3 V-ring seals E.5
4 Gland packing E.7
5 Lantern rings E.9
6 Mechanical seals
6.1 Fundamentals E10
6.2 Balanced seals E.12
6.3 The configurations E.15
7 Hydrodynamic seals E.10
8 Hermetic pumps
8.1 Magnetic coupling
8.2 Bus pumps
Part 2 Compressors – Content
Chapter F General
1 Terminology F.1
2 Normal volume F.
3 Ideal gasses F1
4Work and power
4.1 Compression work F.
4.2 Technical work F.2
4.3 Technical power F.4
5 Nozzles F.4
6 Flow F.6
7 Types of compressors F.8
8 Choice and selection F.9
9 Psychrometrics
9.1 Partial pressure F.10
9.2 Equivalent molar mass F11.
9.3 Moist air F.11
9.4 Water content F.13
9.5 Saturated and unsaturated air F.13
9.6 Relation between x and p_W F.13
Chapter G Piston Compressors
1 Indicator diagram G.
2 Parts
2.1 Cylinders G.
2.2 Sealing G.
2.3 Valves G.
3 Volumetric efficiency G.
4 Membrane compressor G.
5 Work & Power
5.1 Technical work G.
5.2 Isothermal compression G.
5.3 Polytropic compression G.
5.4 Conclusions G.
6 Two stage compressor
6.1 Motivation G.
6.2 Two stages G.
6.2.1General G.
6.2.2. Indicator diagram G.
6.2.3 Intermediate pressure G.
6.2.4 Work per stage G.
6.2.5 Compression temperature G.
6.2.6 Cylinder dimensions G.
6.2.7 Volumetric efficiency G.
6.2.8 Mounting G.
7 Three stages compressors G.
8 Flow regulation
8.1 Speed G.
8.2 Throttling suction line G.
8.3 Keeping suction valves open G.
8.4 Dead volume G.
8.5 Speed regulation
8.5.1 Star-triangle connection G.
8.5.2 Frequency convertor G.
9 Refrigeration piston compressor G.
Chapter H: Other Displacement Compressors
1 Roots compressor
Operation
Technical work
Properties
Vane compressor
Operation
Design and compression pressure
Properties
Screw compressor
3.1 Operation
3.2 Properties
3.3 Regulation
3.4 Compressed air installation
3.5 Refrigerant compressor
4 Mono screw compressor
4.1 Operation
4.2 Properties
4.2 Regulation
5 Scroll compressor
6 Tooth compressor
7 Rolling piston
7.1 Operation “Rotary”
7.2 Swing compressor
8 Liquid ring compressor
8.1 Operation
8.2 Properties
9 Regulation
Chapter I Turbo Compressors
1 Centrifugal fan
1.1 General
Static and dynamic pressure
Types of fans
Behaviour of different types of fans
Study of the characteristics
Selection of a fan
Cross stream fan
Side channel fans
Turbo fan
Multistage centrifugal compressor
Refrigerant turbo compressor
Axial fans
7.1 Single stage fan
7.2 Reaction degree
Contrarotating fans
7.4 Variable pitch
7.5 Two stages fan
7.6 Single stage turbo compressor
Axial multistage compressor
Calculation example
Surge Limit
11 Choke limit
11.1 Introducing nozzles
11.2 Behaviour at changing counter pressure
12 Comparison axial versus centrifugal
13 Regulation of turbo compressors
13.1 Speed
13.2 Throttling
13.3 Variable guide vane
14 Efficiency of turbo compressors
Chapter J Jet Ejectors
1 Steam ejector compressor
1.1 General
1.2 Mixing heat exchanger
1.3 Surface heat exchangers
2 Gas jet ejector
3 Applications
3.1 Application 1
3.2 Application 2
Chapter K Vacuum Pumps
1 Bourbon measuring devices
2 Vacuum areas
2.1 Kinetic gas theory
2.2 Formation time
2.3 Types of flow
3 Rough vacuum
Membrane pumps
Steam jet vacuum pumps
Liquid vacuum ejector pump
Gas jet vacuum pump
Centrifugal vacuum pumps
3.6 Liquid water ring pumps
Medium vacuum
4.1 Vane pump
4.2 The gas ballast
4.3 Screw vacuum pumps
4.4 Scroll vacuum pumps
4.5 Rolling piston
4.6 Claw pump
Roots vacuum pump
5 High Vacuum
Diffusion pumps
5.2 Diffusion ejector pumps
5.3 Turbo molecular pumps
6 Ultra high vacuum
6.1 Sorption pumps
6.2 Adsorption pumps
Sublimation pump
6.4 Ion getter pump
7 Overview
8 Appendices
Appendix 1: The Velocity Profile & Mean Velocity for a Laminar Flow
Appendix 2: Calculation of λ <![endif]--> <![endif]-->
for a Laminar Flow
Index
