Title Details

Lynda Dennis, CPA, is a professor at the University of Central Florida. She is a former director of finance for the city of Maitland, Florida, where she was responsible for all finance functions including risk management, procurement policies and procedures, investment of City funds, and internal and external financial and operational reporting. Prior to that she was assistant to the chief financial officer-special projects for the city of Orlando, Florida, where she was responsible for assisting the CFO in debt issuance including variable and fixed, new money and refundings, hedge transactions, arbitrage issues and compliance; project financing negotiations for public/private partnerships; cash flow projections for projects; and, preparation, analysis and presentation of cost-benefit studies.

Chapter 1 Introduction 1-1

Overview 1-2

Introduction 1-3

General Warning Signs of Fraud 1-4

Ways to Prevent, Detect, or Deter Fraud 1-6

Summary 1-9

Practice Questions 1-10

Chapter 2 The Governmental and Not-for-Profit Environments 2-1

Unique Characteristics of the Governmental Environment 2-2

Governmental Organizations 2-3

Unique Characteristics of the Not-for-Profit Environment 2-6

Governmental Financial Reporting Objectives and Users 2-10

Not-for-Profit Financial Reporting Objectives and Users 2-12

Summary 2-14

Practice Questions 2-15

Chapter 3 The Auditor’s Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit 3-1

Auditor Responsibilities and Marketplace Expectations 3-2

Fraud Risk Factors in Governmental and Not-for-Profit Entities 3-4

Fraud and the Auditor: An Overview 3-9

The Auditor’s Responsibilities Related to Fraud 3-11

Application of AU-C Section 240 to Audits of Governmental and Not-for-Profit Entities 3-13

Summary 3-16

Practice Questions 3-17

Chapter 4 Where Fraud Occurs in Governmental and Not-for-Profit Organizations 4-1

Where Fraud Occurs 4-2

Where Fraud Occurs in Governmental Organizations 4-3

Where Fraud Occurs in Not-for-Profit Entities 4-5

Fraud Risks in Governmental and Not-for-Profit Entities 4-9

Management Override 4-13

Planning Considerations in Audits of Governmental and Not-for-Profit Entities 4-16

Summary 4-17

Practice Questions 4-18

Chapter 5 Fraud Schemes Found in Governmental and Not-for-Profit Organizations 5-1

Fraudulent Financial Reporting Schemes 5-2

Fraudulent Financial Reporting Revenue Recognition 5-4

Fraudulent Financial Reporting Functional and Fund Classifications 5-12

Misappropriation of Assets Overview 5-15

Misappropriation of Assets Common Fraud Schemes 5-18

Misappropriation of Assets Common Fraud Schemes Procurement and Contracting 5-19

Misappropriation of Assets Common Fraud Schemes Cash Receipts and Fraudulent

Disbursements 5-22

Misappropriation of Assets Common Fraud Schemes Personnel Costs 5-25

Misappropriation of Assets Common Fraud Schemes Property, Plant, and Equipment 5-28

Misappropriation of Assets Common Fraud Schemes Diversion of Program Benefits and Assets 5-32

Summary 5-35

Practice Questions 5-36

Glossary Glossary 1

Index Index 1

Solutions Solutions 1

Chapter 1 Solutions 1

Chapter 2 Solutions 2

Chapter 3 Solutions 4

Chapter 4 Solutions 5

Chapter 5 Solutions 7

Users of this course material are encouraged to visit the AICPA website at

www.aicpa.org/CPESupplements to access supplemental learning material reflecting

recent developments that may be applicable to this course. The AICPA anticipates

that supplemental materials will be made available on a quarterly basis.