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More About This Title Practical Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry2e
English
A new edition of this practical approach to sampling, experimentation, and applications in the field of inductively coupled plasma spectrometry
The second edition of Practical Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry discusses many of the significant developments in the field which have expanded inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry from a useful optical emission spectroscopic technique for trace element analysis into a source for both atomic emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry, capable of detecting elements at sub-ppb (ng mL−1) levels with good accuracy and precision.
Comprising nine chapters, this new edition has been fully revised and up-dated in each chapter. It contains information on everything you need to practically know about the different types of instrumentation as well as pre- and post-experimental aspects. Designed to be easily accessible, with a ‘start-to-finish’ approach, each chapter outlines the key practical aspects of a specific aspect of the topic. The author, a noted expert in the field, details specific applications of the techniques presented, including uses in environmental, food and industrial analysis. This edition:
- Emphasizes the importance of health and safety;
- Provides advanced information on sample preparation techniques;
- Presents an updated chapter on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry;
- Features a new chapter on current and future development in ICP technology and one on practical trouble shooting and routine maintenance.
Practical Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry offers a practical guide that can be used for undergraduate and graduate students in the broad discipline of analytical chemistry, which includes biomedical science, environmental science, food science and forensic science, in both distance and open learning situations. It also provides an excellent reference for those in postgraduate training in these fields.
English
John R. Dean is Professor of Analytical and Environmental Sciences and Head of Subject (Analytical Sciences), in the Department of Applied Sciences, at Northumbria University where he has worked since 1988. He is a Chartered Scientist, Chartered Chemist, Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and Principal Fellow of the Higher Education Academy. His broad and varied research interests include chemical measurement of potentially harmful elements, persistent organic pollutants and nanomaterials in environmental matrices to assess their human health risk assessment as well as analysis of volatile compounds from pathogenic bacteria for disease identification.
English
Preface
Acknowledgements
Dedication
Acronyms, Abbreviations and Symbols
About the Author
1 The analytical approach
Learning objectives
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Essentials of practical work
1.2 Health and Safety
1.3 SI Units and their use
1.4 Significant figures
1.5 Calibration and quantitative analysis
1.6 Making notes of practical work and observation
1.7 Data analysis
1.9 Data treatment
1.9 Data quality
1.10 Data interpretation and context
1.11 Analytical terms and their definition
1.12 Summary
2 Sampling and storage
Learning objectives
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Sampling soil
2.2 Sampling water
2.3 Sampling air
2.4 Sample storage
2.5 Sample preservation
2.6 Summary
3 Sample preparation
Learning objectives
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Aqueous samples
3.1.1 Liquid-liquid extraction
3.1.2 Ion exchange
3.2 Solid samples
3.2.1 Decomposition techniques
3.2.2 Alternate decomposition techniques
3.3 Extraction procedures
3.3.1 Single extraction
3.3.2 Sequential extraction
3.3.3 Chemometric identification of substrates and element distributions (CISED)
3.3.4 In-vitro simulated gastrointestinal extraction method
3.3.5 In-vitro simulated epithelium lung fluid extraction method
3.4 Summary
Reference
Appendices
Appendix A Extraction reagents for single extraction methods
Appendix B Extraction reagents for sequential extraction method
Appendix C Extraction reagents for in-vitro simulated gastrointestinal method
Appendix D Extraction reagents for in-vitro simulated epithelium lung fluid method
4 Sample introduction
Learning objectives
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Nebulizers
4.2 Spray Chambers and desolvation systems
4.3 Discrete sample introduction
4.4 Continuous sample introduction
4.5 Hydride and cold vapour techniques
4.6 Summary
References
5 The inductively coupled plasma
Learning objectives
5.0 Introduction
5.1 Radiofrequency generators
5.2 Inductively coupled plasma formation and operation
5.3 Processes within the ICP
5.4 Signal processing and instrument control
5.5 Summary
References
6 Inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission Spectroscopy
Learning objectives
6.0 Introduction
6.1 Fundamentals of spectroscopy
6.1.1 Origins of atomic spectra
6.1.2 Spectral line intensity
6.1.3 Spectral line broadening
6.2 Plasma spectroscopy
6.3 Spectrometers
6.3.1 Sequential spectrometer
6.3.2 Simultaneous spectrometers
6.4 Detectors
6.4.1 Photomultiplier tube
6.4.2 Charge transfer devices
6.5 Interferences
6.6 Summary
References
7 Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Learning objectives
7.0 Introduction
7.1 Fundamentals of mass spectrometry
7.1.1 Some terminology
7.2 Inorganic mass spectrometry
7.2.1 The ion source: ICP
7.2.2 Interface
7.3 Mass spectrometers
7.3.1 Quadrupole mass spectrometer
7.3.2 High resolution mass spectrometer
7.3.3 Ion trap mass spectrometer
7.3.4 Time-of-flight mass spectrometer
7.4 Detectors
7.5 Interferences
7.5.1 Isobaric interferences
7.5.2 Molecular interferences
7.5.3 Remedies for molecular interferences
7.5.4 Non-spectral interferences: matrix-induced
7.6 Isotope Dilution Analysis
7.7 Summary
References
8 Inductively coupled plasma: Current and future developments Learning objectives
8.0 Introduction
8.1 Comparison of ICP-AES and ICP-MS
8.2 Applications
8.3 Current and future developments
8.3.1 In general, for the ICP
8.3.2 For ICP-AES
8.3.3 For ICP-MS
8.4 Useful resources
References
Templates
Template 8.1 Laboratory Template: Sample pre-treatment
Template 8.2 Laboratory Template: Sample preparation
Template 8.3 Laboratory Template: ICP-AES Analysis
Template 8.4 Laboratory Template: ICP-MS Analysis
9 Inductively coupled plasma: Troubleshooting and maintenance Learning objectives
9.0 Introduction
9.1 Diagnostic issues
9.2 Tips to reduce
9.2.1 Potential autosampler issues
9.2.2 Contamination
9.3 Tips to improve
9.3.1 Sample preparation
9.4 How to
9.4.1 Unblock a blocked pneumatic concentric nebulizer
9.4.2 Clean the spray chamber
9.4.3 Clean the plasma torch
9.5 What to do about
9.5.1 Plasma ignition problems
9.6 Shut down procedure (at the end of the day)
9.7 Regular maintenance schedule
SI units and Physical Constants
Periodic Table
Index
