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More About This Title Personality and Individual Differences 3e
English
Personality and Individual Differences is a state-of-the-art undergraduate textbook that covers the salient and recent literature on personality, intellectual ability, motivation and other individual differences such as creativity, emotional intelligence, leadership and vocational interests.
This third edition has been completely revised and updated to include the most up-to-date and cutting-edge data and analysis. As well as introducing all topics related to individual differences, this book examines and discusses many important underlying issues, such as the psychodynamic approach to latent variables, validity, reliability and correlations between constructs.
An essential textbook for first-time as well as more advanced students of the discipline, Personality and Individual Differences provides grounding in all major aspects of differential psychology.
English
English
Preface to Third Edition xiii
Preface to Second Edition xiv
Preface to First Edition xv
Acknowledgments xvii
About the Author xviii
Chapter 1Introducing Individual Differences – From Everyday to Psychological Questions 1
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Personality: A Commonsense Idea 3
1.3 Describing Individuals 5
1.4 Abnormality 7
1.5 Intelligence, Competition, and Adaptation 8
1.6 Predicting Success 10
1.7 Born Different? 12
1.8 Other Abilities 15
1.9 Variability and Change: Motivation and Mood States 16
1.10 Creativity 18
1.11 Leading the Way 20
1.12 Interests 21
Chapter 2Personality, Part I 23
2.1 Introduction 24
2.2 Overview and Approaches 25
2.3 Definition of Personality Traits 27
2.4 History of Personality 29
2.5 Personality Traits and States: Dispositional vs. Situational Approaches 34
2.6 Eysenck’s Gigantic Three and the Biological Basis of Personality Traits 38
2.7 Self-Report Inventories 41
2.8 The Biological Basis of Personality 45
2.9 Gray’s Personality Theory 48
2.10 Cattell’s 16Pf and The Lexical Hypothesis 50
2.11 The Five Factor Model (Big Five) 53
2.12 Summary and Conclusions 58
Chapter 3Personality, Part II – Validating Personality Traits 61
3.1 Introduction 62
3.2 Testing Personality Theories 63
3.3 Personality and Social Behavior 72
3.4 Personality and Romantic Relationships 75
3.5 Personality and Performance 79
3.6 Personality and Health 86
3.7 Personality and Happiness 89
3.8 The Dark Side of Personality 90
3.9 Current Developments Outside The Dispositional Paradigm 93
3.10 Summary and Conclusions 106
Chapter 4Psychopathology 109
4.1 Introduction 110
4.2 Defining Abnormality 111
4.3 Historical Roots of Psychopathology 113
4.4 Modern Approaches to Psychopathology 115
4.5 Integrative Approaches to Psychopathology: The Biopsychosocial Model 122
4.6 Diagnosis: Classifying Psychological Disorders 124
4.7 Major Psychological Disorders 126
4.8 Criticisms of The Diagnostic Approach 138
4.9 Dimensional View of Psychopathology and Personality Disorders 139
4.10 Summary and Conclusions 142
Chapter 5Intelligence, Part I 145
5.1 Introduction 146
5.2 Defining Intelligence 147
5.3 History of Intelligence Testing 150
5.4 Cattell’s Theory of Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence 164
5.5 Genetic vs. Environmental Causes of Intelligence 166
5.6 Piaget and The Developmental Theory of Cognitive Ability 168
5.7 The Great Debate: gvs. Multiple Abilities 170
5.8 Summary and Conclusions 173
Chapter 6Intelligence, Part II – Validating Intelligence and Correlates of Iq (Causes and Consequences) 175
6.1 Introduction 176
6.2 Wechsler’s IQ Scale 176
6.3 Intelligence at School and University: Educational Outcomes 179
6.4 In The Job: Occupational Outcomes of Intelligence 182
6.5 Intelligence, Longevity, and Health 185
6.6 Intelligence and Social Class 189
6.7 Race and Sex Differences in IQ: Facts, Controversies, and Implications 193
6.8 Sex Differences in IQ 195
6.9 Even More Basic: Decomposing Intelligence 200
6.10 Summary and Conclusions 203
Chapter 7Behavioral Genetics 205
7.1 Introduction 206
7.2 Early Foundations of Behavioral Genetics 207
7.3 Dna: Some Background 208
7.4 The Power of Genes: Recent Evidence for the Heritability of Intelligence 211
7.5 Intelligence and Assortative Mating 213
7.6 The Importance of the Environment 214
7.7 Biological Effects on Intelligence: Why Do They Increase Across the Lifespan? 216
7.8 Genetic Causes of Personality Traits 221
7.9 Genetic Basis of Maladaptive Behaviors 225
7.10 Personality and Intelligence: Interplay Between Environment and Genes? 227
7.11 Implications for Upbringing and Education 228
7.12 Contradicting Genetics: The Flynn Effect 229
7.13 Evolutionary Psychology 234
7.14 Summary and Conclusions 237
Chapter 8Beyond Iq – Theories of Hot Intelligence 239
8.1 Introduction 240
8.2 Streetwise Rather than Book Smart 241
8.3 Early Beginnings: Thorndike’s Social Intelligence 243
8.4 Theoretical Importance of Social Intelligence 248
8.5 Early Problems 249
8.6 Recent Approaches: From Multidimensionality to Implicit Theories 253
8.7 Emotional Intelligence 255
8.8 Debate and Controversy Surrounding Emotional Intelligence 258
8.9 Origins and Measurement Problems of EQ 260
8.10 Trait Emotional Intelligence: Emotional Self-Efficacy 261
8.11 Practical Intelligence 265
8.12 Summary and Conclusions 266
Chapter 9Mood and Motivation 269
9.1 Introduction 270
9.2 Beyond or Underneath Traits 271
9.3 Defining Motivation 272
9.4 From Biological Reflexes to Psychological Self-Realization 277
9.5 Mood States 294
9.6 Structure of Mood 295
9.7 Situational Determinants of Mood 296
9.8 Dispositional Influences on Mood States 297
9.9 Integrative and Recent Approaches to Mood States 298
9.10 Summary and Conclusions 299
Chapter 10Creativity 303
10.1 Introduction 304
10.2 Definitions and Conceptualizations of Creativity 305
10.3 Creativity Across Different Psychological Paradigms 308
10.4 Differential Approaches to Creativity 312
10.5 Creativity and Intelligence 314
10.6 Creativity and Personality Traits 322
10.7 Testing Creativity 330
10.8 Creativity In Different Fields (From Arts to Science) 333
10.9 Summary and Conclusions 334
Chapter 11Leadership 337
11.1 Introduction 338
11.2 Approaches to Leadership 339
11.3 Behavioral Approaches: Leadership Styles 355
11.4 Leadership and Gender 364
11.5 Summary and Conclusions 366
Chapter 12Vocational Interests 369
12.1 Introduction 370
12.2 Approaches to Vocational Interests 371
12.3 Linking Theory and Practice 373
12.4 Stability of Interests: Evidence for Dispositional Nature 374
12.5 Gender Differences in Vocational Interests 376
12.6 Person–Environment Fit 380
12.7 Holland’s Riasec Typology 380
12.8 Prediger’s Three-Factor Model 384
12.9 Holland and The Big Five 385
12.10 Circumscription and Compromise: Gottfredson’s Theory 386
12.11 Trait Complexes and Interests 387
12.12 Summary and Conclusions 389
Glossary 391
References 399
Index 451
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"Personality and Individual Differences is my preferred textbook in the field, because it is comprehensive, up-to-date and versatile. All my students, ranging from undergraduates to postgraduates, have found this book useful and stimulating for an introduction to Individual Differences research.’’—Sophie von Stumm, Lecturer, Goldsmiths University of London, UK
"This textbook by Dr Chamorro-Premuzic is an excellent introduction to the myriad aspects of personality research and application. In addition, it provides a unique perspective that relates psychological theory to the use of individual-differences assessments in real-world situations. It is lively, entertaining, and highly informative."—Phillip L. Ackerman, Professor of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
‘’Selecting adjectives from a checklist is one way to assess key characteristics of personality. My top adjectives for Personality and Individual Differences include authoritative, wise, comprehensive, up to date, succinct, well organized, exciting, enjoyable, accessible, and well produced. You are in safe hands with one of the top researchers in the field.’’—Robert Plomin, MRC Research Professor and Deputy Director, King's College London, UK
