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More About This Title Transience and Permanence in Urban Development
English
Temporary urban uses –innovative ways to transform cities or new means to old ends?
The scale and variety of temporary – or meanwhile or interim – urban uses and spaces has grown rapidly in response to the dramatic increase in vacant and derelict land and buildings, particularly in post-industrial cities. To some, this indicates that a paradigm shift in city making is underway. To others, alternative urbanism is little more than a distraction that temporarily cloaks some of the negative outcomes of conventional urban development. However, rigorous, theoretically informed criticism of temporary uses has been limited. The book draws on international experience to address this shortcoming from the perspectives of the law, sociology, human geography, urban studies, planning and real estate.
It considers how time – and the way that it is experienced – informs alternative perspectives on transience. It emphasises the importance, for analysis, of the structural position of a temporary use in an urban system in spatial, temporal and socio-cultural terms. It illustrates how this position is contingent upon circumstances. What may be deemed a helpful and acceptable use to established institutions in one context may be seen as a problematic, unacceptable use in another. What may be a challenging and fulfilling alternative use to its proponents may lose its allure if it becomes successful in conventional terms. Conceptualisations of temporary uses are, therefore, mutable and the use of fixed or insufficiently differentiated frames of reference within which to study them should be avoided. It then identifies the major challenges of transforming a temporary use into a long-term use. These include the demands of regulatory compliance, financial requirements, levels of expertise and so on. Finally, the potential impacts of policy on temporary uses, both inadvertent and intended, are considered.
The first substantive, critical review of temporary urban uses, Transience and Permanence in Urban Development is essential reading for academics, policy makers, practitioners and students of cities worldwide.
English
About the Editor
John Henneberry is Professor of Property Development Studies at The University of Sheffield, UK, and a Chartered Planner and Chartered Surveyor. He has researched and published on property development and investment and their roles in urban and regional development for over 30 years. He is a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences, UK.
English
List of Contributors xiii
Notes on Contributors xv
Preface xxi
Acknowledgements xxv
1 Introduction: Temporary Uses as Alternative Practices 1
John Henneberry
Vacant land and temporary use 1
Theorising and conceptualising temporary use 3
Describing and analysing temporary uses 6
Critical analysis of temporary use 9
The coverage of the book 11
Acknowledgement 13
References 14
2 Forcing the Empties Back to Work? Ruinphobia and the Bluntness of Law and Policy 17
Luke Bennett
Introduction: gazing upon the New Ruins 17
How ruinphobia unsettles us 18
Tracing ruinphobia into urban law and policy 20
Time is always running out for a building and its uses 26
Is ruinphobia forcing empties back to work, or are law’s tools blunt? 27
References 28
3 Liminal Spaces and Theorising the Permanence of Transience 31
Nicola Livingstone and Peter Matthews
Introduction 31
Theorising transient spatialities 33
Food banks as spaces of the in-between 36
Temporalities and ‘yet-ness’ in Wester Hailes 39
Conclusion 42
References 43
4 Temporary Uses Producing Difference in Contemporary Urbanism 47
Panu Lehtovuori and Sampo Ruoppila
Introduction 47
The difference that temporary uses may produce 48
Temporary uses, appropriation and the Right to the City 49
Towards a socio-spatial theory of temporary uses – margins, fallows, amenities, commons 51
Difference driven by users 54
Temporary uses, regeneration and gentrification 57
Conclusion: non-commodified spaces in a commodifying city 60
References 62
5 Short-Term Projects, Long-Term Ambitions: Facets of Transience in Two London Development Sites 65
Krystallia Kamvasinou
Introduction 65
Historical framework 66
Case study 1: Canning Town Caravanserai: semi-public community and events space with emphasis on up-cycling 68
Case study 2: Cultivate London Brentford Lock: urban farm and social enterprise project 73
Analytical framework: key themes 78
Concluding thoughts 80
Acknowledgements 82
References 82
6 Navigating the Rapids of Urban Development: Lessons from the Biospheric Foundation, Salford, UK 85
Beth Perry, Vincent Walsh and Catherine Barlow
Introduction 85
From vision to practice 86
The Janus faces of urban socio-ecological experimentation 95
Acknowledgements 98
References 98
7 The Urban Voids of Istanbul 101
Basak Tanulku
Istanbul: global city of Turkey with no ‘vacancy’ 102
Different types of urban voids in Istanbul 103
Three case studies 105
Physical void: from ghostly historic homes to high-value offices 105
Physical void: squatting as an alternative space 108
Symbolic void: the Ataturk Cultural Centre 111
Conclusion 114
Acknowledgments 115
References 115
8 Institutionalizing Urban Possibility: Urban Greening and Vacant Land Governance in Three American Cities 117
Katherine Foo
State strategies in urban shrinkage 117
Environmental coalitions in urban shrinkage 118
Methods 119
Civic environmental coalitions in weak land markets 120
Windows of opportunity: political coalitions in Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore 122
Political will and investment capacity: a counter-cyclical relationship 128
References 129
9 The Trajectory of Berlin’s ‘Interim Spaces’: Tensions and Conflicts in the Mobilisation of ‘Temporary Uses’ of Urban Space in Local Economic Development 131
Claire Colomb
‘Temporary uses’ and ‘interim spaces’ in reunified Berlin 132
The mobilisation of ‘temporary uses’ in local economic development and place marketing policies 134
The dilemmas and tensions inherent in the mobilisation of temporary uses as a tool of urban revitalisation: trajectories, conflicts and resistance 136
The contested future of the Tempelhof airfield 141
Conclusion 146
References 147
10 Pop-up Justice? Reflecting on Relationships in the Temporary City 151
Amelia Thorpe, Timothy Moore and Lee Stickells
Tactics and interventions 151
Justice in the city 154
Attending to the particular 157
Attending to the collective 161
Conclusion 165
Acknowledgements 166
References 166
11 Planning, Property Rights, and the Tragedy of the Anticommons: Temporary Uses in Portland and Detroit 171
Matthew F Gebhardt
Introduction 171
The Tragedy of the Anticommons 172
Anticommons and real estate development 173
Anticommons, informality, and temporary use 175
Case studies 177
Conclusion 182
References 183
12 Valuation and the Evolution of New Uses and Buildings 185
Neil Crosby and John Henneberry
Introduction 185
The acceptance of the new 186
The comparative approach to property valuation 189
The institutional context of the application of comparison techniques 193
The calculative regime of comparative valuation 195
References 196
13 Public Policy and Urban Transience: Provoking New Urban Development through Contemporary Models of Property Based Finance in England 199
Kevin Muldoon-Smith and Paul Greenhalgh
Introduction: public policy and urban transience 199
Conceptual framework 200
Fiscal decentralisation and the urban built environment 202
Financing urban transience 206
Discussion and conclusion 210
References 212
14 Tackling Hardcore Vacancy through Compulsory Sale Orders 215
David Adams
Introduction 215
Hardcore vacancy 216
An institutional explanation of hardcore vacancy 220
Compulsory Sale Orders 224
Balancing property rights and responsibilities 226
Conclusions 228
References 229
15 Frameworks for Temporary Use: Experiments of Urban Regeneration in Bremen, Rome and Budapest 231
Daniela Patti and Levente Polyak
The conditions of temporary use 232
Transferring models 233
Municipality-initiated temporary use: ZwischenZeitZentrale, Bremen 235
Formalising activism: temporary use experiments in Rome 238
Establishing trust: public and private initiatives for temporary use in Budapest 242
Conclusions 246
References 248
16 Conclusions: The Tensions and Dilemmas of Transience 249
John Henneberry
Time, transience and temporality 250
The structural position of transience in the urban system 252
The transition from temporary to established use 256
Policy and transience 260
Conclusions 263
Acknowledgements 264
References 264
Index 265
