Title Details

Dr Jackie Portman DBEnv., MSc., BEng(Hons), ACGI, CEng, FCIBSE, FIET, MCIOB, is a highly accomplished building services engineering project manager with an enviable track record of delivering complex multi-million pound infrastructure and construction projects within budget and operational standards. She graduated in electrical engineering from Imperial College, University of London and too her first steps into the construction industry. She was attracted by the exciting, challenging, ever-changing and all-encompassing nature of the construction industry: where there are always new challenges and areas of interest and has never looked back. She has worked in consultancy, main-contracting, building services sub-contracting, project management and client organisations in Europe, Africa, Asia and the Middle East. She has led the project management process of a range of projects in terms of complexity, size and uses: university complexes (libraries, archive buildings, state of the art education and research facilities), healthcare projects (wards, laboratories, clinical areas), single and mixed-use commercial office complexes, residential developments and schools. She has always been keen to enthuse and motivate students and trainees and has used her ‘hands-on’ perspective to support full-time academics and teachers. She has been a visiting lecturer at the University of the West of England and the City of Bristol College: also, contributing to the development of the syllabuses, in particular, ensuring the relevance to current industry trends and requirements. She obtained her doctorate from the University of the West of England, researching into ways and means of improving the contribution of building services engineers to the building design process: looking at how they are perceived by the rest of the construction industry and what tools and processes would help improve their performances.

Preface xi

About the Author xv

Introduction 1

Design finalisation 5

Cost finalisation 6

Programme finalisation 7

Post-construction involvement 7

Advisory roles 8

Summary 8

Feedback question 8

Reference 8

Part One Stakeholders and procedures during construction 9

Feedback questions 12

1 The client team 13

1.1 Client team functions 13

1.2 Client’s liabilities and obligations 15

Health and safety 16

Awarding the contract for construction 17

Handover to contractor of the site 17

Providing information to the construction team 18

Discharging residual design decisions 20

Handback from contractor to client 21

Client’s fit-out 22

Summary 23

Feedback questions 23

2 The design team 25

2.1 Design team members and arrangement 25

Assignment and novation 26

Duty of care 29

Copyright 32

Site presence 34

2.2 Design team liabilities and obligations during construction 35

Design liability 35

Liability to provide accurate cost advice 37

Liability to provide accurate programming advice 38

Liability for defective workmanship 39

Liability for maintaining competency 39

Responsibility for record keeping 39

Summary 39

Feedback question 40

Reference 40

3 The construction team 41

3.1 Construction team parties 45

Main contractor 45

Trade subcontractors 45

Off-site supply chain 47

Logistics 49

Support services 51

3.2 Construction team arrangements 51

Separated arrangement 52

Integrated arrangements 52

Management-orientated arrangements 53

Product-based arrangement 53

Partnering 55

3.3 Construction team liabilities and obligations 55

Health and safety 55

Liability for design errors 56

Liability for defects in construction 57

Liability for subcontractors 57

Liability to the general public 59

Liability during warranty period 59

Summary 60

Feedback questions 61

Reference 61

4 Enforcing authorities 63

4.1 Defining 64

4.2 Publishing 65

4.3 Monitoring 66

4.4 Enforcing 68

Regulators 68

Summary 69

Feedback questions 69

5 Public utility services providers 71

Wayleaves and easements 72

5.1 Utility services provider’s liabilities and obligations 73

Provision of information 73

Providing quotations 75

Carry out the work and arrange payment 76

Standards and quality of utility services in operation 76

Summary 78

Feedback question 78

Reference 78

6 Non-contractual stakeholders 79

6.1 Neighbours to a construction project 79

6.2 The general public 81

6.3 Awards bodies 81

6.4 Trade unions 81

6.5 Trade associations 82

6.6 Special interest groups 82

6.7 Industry regulators 83

Summary 83

Feedback question 83

Part Two Processes 85

Health and safety 85

Professional ethics 85

7 Contract management 87

7.1 Contract procurement 87

Announcement of tenders 87

Tender documents issued 89

Tender evaluation 92

Negotiation 96

Establishing the construction contract 97

7.2 Contract administration 97

Managing client changes 98

Reporting to clients 98

Responding to queries 99

Issuing certificates 100

7.3 Cost management 100

Bills of quantities 103

Valuations 104

7.4 Programme management 104

Summary 105

Feedback question 106

8 Post-contract design changes 107

8.1 Discharging residual design responsibilities 108

8.2 Addressing new design requirements 110

Client changes 110

Changes in legislation 111

Changes in reference information 112

New information on site conditions 112

Emergence of new technologies 113

Changes due to value engineering 113

8.3 Rectifying errors in the original design 113

Summary 113

Feedback questions 114

Reference 114

9 Examining construction documentation 115

9.1 Construction documentation 117

Health and safety information 117

Technical information 117

Construction methodology 119

9.2 The submittal process 121

Purpose of the examination 122

Documents to be checked 123

Equal and approved 125

Recording and reporting findings 128

Summary 129

Feedback questions 130

Reference 130

10 Observation of the physical installation 131

10.1 Types of deficiencies 133

Patent and latent defects 134

Workmanship deficiencies 134

Materials deficiencies 134

10.2 Off-site visits 136

Manufactured equipment 137

Assembled goods and prefabricated systems 137

10.3 On-site visits 138

Site acceptance tests 140

10.4 Inspection and testing 140

10.5 Commissioning 141

Summary 143

Feedback question 143

11 Handover and post-construction 145

11.1 Defects liability period 146

11.2 Collateral warranty and latent defects insurance 148

11.3 Defects management 148

Snagging 149

11.4 Documentation for handover 149

Record of the installation 150

Guidance material for operation of the building 150

Compliance with legislation and standards 150

11.5 Legacy design issues 151

Residual design issues 151

Latent defects 151

Occupancy issues 153

11.6 Post-occupancy evaluation 153

Occupant welfare and wellness 154

Measuring the environment conditions 155

Energy and water-use assessment 155

Summary 155

12 Reporting and advisory roles 157

12.1 External audits 157

Post-design audit 157

Construction audit 157

Post-completion audit 158

12.2 Expert witness 159

12.3 Expert adviser 160

12.4 Dispute resolution 160

Summary 161

Feedback question 161

Index 163