Title Details

Professor Mathew Wilson is Head of Athlete Health and Performance Research and is Lead Performance Physiologist at Aspetar (Qatar Orthopedic Sports Medicine Hospital, Qatar). He has led cardiovascular pre-participation screening programmes both within the United Kingdom and the Middle-East, and has been charged with the screening of over 15,000 high-level athletes at the Olympic Medical Institute (United Kingdom) and Aspetar (Qatar).

Professor Jonathan Drezner is past-president of the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, Director of the Center for Sports Cardiology and a sports medicine physician at the University of Washington, and team physician for the Seattle Seahawks NBA basketball team. Professor Drezner is a leading authority on the role of the automatic external defibrillator in preventing sudden cardiac death.

Professor Sanjay Sharma is Medical Director of the Virgin London Marathon, Chair-Elect of the European Society of Cardiology (Sports Cardiology) nucleus group and leads the inherited cardiomyopathies and sports cardiology clinics at St George’s Hospital, London.

Contributors, x

Foreword, xiii

Preface, xiv

PART 1 The Cardiovascular System 1

1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart 3
Keith P. George and Nathan Riding

2 The Vascular System 13
N. Tim Cable

3 Energy Production Pathways During Exercise 21
Sébastien Racinais and Stéphane Perrey

4 Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise 32
Julien D. Périard

5 The Athlete’s Heart: Impact of Age, Sex, Ethnicity and Sporting Discipline 43
Tracey Keteepe�]Arachi and Nabeel Sheikh

6 Physical Activity in the Prevention and Management of Atherosclerotic Disease 53
John P. Buckley

PART 2 Preventing Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes 63

7 Incidence and Aetiology of Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes 65
Kimberly G. Harmon

8 Cardiovascular Screening for the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes 74
Antonio Pelliccia and Domenico Corrado

9 Comparison of Pre�]participation Evaluations for Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Athletes 82
Ramy S. Abdelfattah and Mathew G. Wilson

10 Normal Electrocardiographic Findings in Athletes 95
Mathew G. Wilson and Victoria Watt

11 Abnormal Electrocardiographic Findings in Athletes: Recognising Changes Suggestive of Cardiomyopathy 104
Gherardo Finocchiaro and Michael Papadakis

12 Abnormal Electrocardiographic Findings in Athletes: Recognising Changes Suggestive of Primary Electrical Disease 114
Jordan Prutkin

13 Effective Echocardiographic Assessment of the Athlete: Basic Examination to Advanced Imaging Techniques 128
David Oxborough

14 Early Repolarisation in Athletes 147
Greg Mellor and Elijah R. Behr

15 Clinical (Laboratory) Exercise Testing 153
Jonathan Myers and Victor Froelicher

16 The Role of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in the Assessment of Athletes 163
Rory O’Hanlon

17 Genetic Testing for Cardiovascular Conditions Predisposing to Sudden Death 175
Colleen Caleshu and Euan Ashley

PART 3 Cardiac Conditions Predisposing to Sudden Cardiac Death 187

Section 1: Introduction 189

18 Causes of Sudden Cardiac Death in Sport: The Importance of Autopsy and Specialist Examination of the Heart 191
Mary N. Sheppard

Section 2: Inherited and Congenital Cardiovascular Pathologies 203

19 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 205
David S. Owens

20 Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy 217
Alessandro Zorzi and Domenico Corrado

21 Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Left Ventricular Hypertrabeculation and Noncompaction 231
Sabiha Gati and Sanjay Sharma

22 Marfan Syndrome and Aortopathies 240
Anne H. Child and Bethan Davies

23 Valvular Disease 247
Kathleen E. Kearney and Catherine M. Otto

24 Congenital Heart Disease 263
Guido E. Pieles and A. Graham Stuart

25 Congenital Coronary Artery Anomalies 275
Cristina Basso and Gaetano Thiene

Section 3: Ion Channelopathies, Accessory Pathways and Electrical Disease 287

26 Long QT Syndrome 289
David J. Tester and Michael J. Ackerman

27 Brugada Syndrome 303
Elena Arbelo and Josep Brugada

28 Wolff–Parkinson–White Syndrome 315
Jack C. Salerno

29 Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia 324
Leonie C.H. Wong and Elijah R. Behr

30 Idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardia/Ventricular Fibrillation 331
André La Gerche

Section 4: Acquired Disorders 341

31 Commotio Cordis 343
Christopher Madias and Mark S. Link

32 Myocarditis 350
Jeffrey A. Towbin

Section 5: Other Causes of Sudden Death 359

33 Alternative Noncardiac Medical Causes of Sudden Death: Sickle�]Cell Trait, Exertional Heatstroke, Exercise Rhabdomyolysis, Asthma and Extreme Environmental Conditions 361
Juan Manuel Alonso and Paul Dijkstra

PART 4 Cardiovascular Management 371

34 Guidelines for Sports Practice in Athletes with Cardiovascular Disease 373
Andrew D’Silva and Sanjay Sharma

35 Management of the Symptomatic Athlete 385
Meagan M. Wasfy and Aaron L. Baggish

36 Management of Abnormal Physical Examination Findings in Athletes 395
Victoria Watt, Mats Börjesson and Mikael Dellborg

37 Management of Atrial Fibrillation in Athletes 406
Eduard Guasch and Lluis Mont

38 Implantable Cardioverter�]Defibrillators in Athletes 415
Victoria Watt

39 Management of Hypertension in Athletes 427
Maria�]Carmen Adamuz

PART 5 Conundrums in Sports Cardiology 439

40 Distinguishing Physiological Left Ventricular Hypertrophy from Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Athletes 441
Aneil Malhotra and Sanjay Sharma

41 Screening for Cardiovascular Disease in the Older Athlete 449
Mats Börjesson

42 Is Ultra�]Endurance Exercise Damaging to the Right Ventricle? 457
Guido Claessen and Hein Heidbuchel

43 Clinical Implications of Performance�]Enhancing Drugs for Cardiovascular Health 468
Peter J. Angell and Yorck O. Schumacher

44 Cardiovascular Concerns in the Paralympic Athlete 475
Cindy J. Chang and Suzy Kim

PART 6 Emergency Cardiac Care 483

45 Emergency Cardiac Care in the Athletic Setting: From School Sports to the Olympic Arena 485
Efraim Kramer and Martin Botha

PART 7 Sports Cardiology Training 493

46 Recommendations for Sports Cardiology Training for the Sports Medicine Physician 495
Irfan M. Asif and Jonathan A. Drezner

Index, 503