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More About This Title Clinical Investigations at a Glance
English
Clinical Investigations at a Glance provides an up-to-date, evidence-based overview of diagnostic investigations, looking at their choice, importance and interpretation for commonly presenting symptoms and conditions.
Designed to help develop the evidence-based use of investigations and interpret results properly, the book provides a unique perspective on many critical issues in medical testing, with the aim of improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing unnecessary tests or harm.
Clinical Investigations at a Glance is structured in three parts: an overview of tests; common presentations (such as chest pain, nausea and vomiting, weight loss and anaemia,); and conditions organized by body system, such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and nephrology.
Key features include:
• How to interpret investigations, using high quality illustrations to compare ‘normal’ and ‘diseased’ results
• Evidence-based, including references
• How to select the most appropriate investigation, the accuracy of tests and how to manage incidental findings
English
Jordan Li is Senior Lecturer at Flinders University and Consultant Physician at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia.
Tuck Yong is Consultant Physician, Adelaide, Australia.
English
Preface ix
Acknowledgements x
Abbreviations xi
Overview of tests 1
1 Investigations and interpreting tests 2
2 Screening tests 4
3 Consent for investigations 6
4 Risks of tests 8
5 Genetic tests 10
6 Principles of radiological investigations 12
7 Cytology and histopathology tests 14
8 Presenting at radiology and histopathology meetings 16
9 Requesting tests 18
10 Therapeutic drug monitoring 20
11 Investigations in resource-limited settings 22
12 Tests for outpatient, inpatient and patients in intensive care 24
Common Presentations 27
13 Chest pain 28
14 Acute abdominal pain 31
15 Headache 34
16 Nausea and vomiting 36
17 Diarrhoea 38
18 Constipation 40
19 Haematemesis and melaena 42
20 Rectal bleeding 44
21 Dyspepsia 46
22 Dysphagia 50
23 Weight loss 52
24 Obesity 54
25 Fatigue 56
26 Coma and impaired consciousness 58
27 Preoperative investigations for elective surgery 60
28 Syncope 62
29 Back pain 64
30 Peripheral oedema 66
31 Jaundice 68
32 Meningitis 70
33 Anaemia 72
34 Lymphadenopathy 74
35 Cough 76
36 Haemoptysis 78
37 Palpitations and cardiac arrhythmias 80
38 Red eye 82
39 Vertigo 84
40 Urinary tract infection 86
41 Haematuria 88
42 Attempted suicide and self-poisoning 90
43 Immunosuppressed patients 92
44 Diagnosing death 94
45 Shock 96
46 Trauma 98
47 Alcohol-use disorder 104
48 Eating disorders 106
49 Seizure 108
50 Muscle weakness 110
51 Visual loss 112
52 Hearing loss 114
Conditions 117
Cardiovascular disease
53 Heart failure 118
54 Peripheral arterial disease 120
55 Infective endocarditis 122
56 Aortic disease 124
57 Hypertension 126
58 Hyperlipidaemia 128
Respiratory disease and sleep disorders
59 Pneumonia 130
60 Asthma 132
61 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 134
62 Pleural effusion 136
63 Pneumothorax 138
64 Pulmonary embolism 140
65 Pulmonary hypertension 144
66 Pulmonary nodules 146
67 Interstitial lung disease 148
68 Sleep disorders 150
Gastroenterology and hepatology
69 Ascites 152
70 Intestinal obstruction 154
71 Malabsorption 156
72 Inflammatory bowel disease 158
73 Irritable bowel syndrome 160
74 Colorectal cancer 162
75 Liver mass 164
76 Cirrhosis 166
77 Liver function tests 168
78 Acute pancreatitis 170
Nephrology and urology
79 Acute kidney injury 172
80 Chronic kidney disease 174
81 Metabolic acid–base disorders 176
82 Potassium disorders 178
83 Sodium disorders 180
84 Calcium disorders 182
85 Proteinuria 184
86 Renal mass 186
87 Kidney stones 188
88 Renal artery stenosis 190
Endocrinology
89 Diabetes mellitus: diagnosis 192
90 Diabetes mellitus: complications 194
91 Diabetes insipidus 196
92 Thyroid disorders 198
93 Thyroid function tests 202
Pituitary disorders
94 Hypopituitarism 204
95 Acromegaly 206
96 Hyperprolactinaemia 208
Adrenal disorders
97 Adrenal insufficiency 210
98 Adrenal incidentaloma 212
99 Cushing’s syndrome 214
100 Phaeochromocytoma 216
101 Primary hyperaldosteronism 218
Reproductive and obstetric medicine
102 Male hypogonadism 220
103 Infertility 222
104 Erectile dysfunction 224
105 Amenorrhoea 226
106 Hirsutism 228
107 Polycystic ovary syndrome 230
108 Pre-eclampsia and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy 232
109 Pregnancy 234
Infectious diseases
110 Pyrexia of unknown origin 236
111 Leucopenia and febrile neutropenia 238
112 Illness in returned travellers 240
113 Sepsis 242
114 Sepsis: testing for infectious diseases 244
115 Osteomyelitis 246
116 Sexually transmitted diseases 248
117 Tuberculosis 250
118 HIV 252
Haematology
119 Leucocytosis 254
120 Myelodysplastic syndromes 256
121 Erythrocytosis 258
122 Haemolytic anaemia 259
123 Leukaemia 262
124 Lymphoma 264
125 Multiple myeloma 266
126 Platelet disorders 268
127 Bleeding disorders 270
128 Thrombophilia 272
Oncology
129 Breast cancer 274
130 Spinal cord compression 276
131 Cancer of unknown primary 278
132 Tumour markers 280
133 Ovarian cancer 282
134 Prostate cancer 284
Neurology
135 Stroke 286
136 Haemorrhagic stroke 288
137 Brain abscess 291
138 Encephalitis 292
139 Brain tumours 294
140 Multiple sclerosis 296
141 Spinal cord disorders 298
142 Peripheral neuropathy 300
143 Movement disorders 304
Rheumatology
144 Septic and crystal arthropathies 306
145 Osteoarthritis 309
146 Spondyloarthropathies 310
147 Scleroderma and Raynaud’s phenomenon 313
148 Rheumatoid arthritis 316
149 Systemic lupus erythematosus 318
150 Sjögren’s syndrome 322
151 Vasculitis 324
152 Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis 326
153 Osteoporosis 328
Geriatric and general medicine
154 Dementia 330
155 Delirium 332
156 Falls 334
157 Urinary incontinence 336
Clinical immunology and allergy
158 Allergy and anaphylaxis 338
159 Primary immunodeficiency disorders 340
Dermatology
160 Skin cancers 342
161 Skin rashes 344
162 Urticaria and angioedema 346
Further reading 348
Index 352
English
"This is an extraordinarily useful primer on diagnostic testing and how to incorporate the results into the differential diagnosis. It provides tremendous insights for those just beginning their medical careers and for experienced clinicians. 5 Stars!" (Doody Enterprises 07/04/2017)
