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More About This Title A Biographical History of Endocrinology
English
Establishing endocrinology as a distinct medical specialty was no easy task. This engaging volume chronicles the journey through the stories of the men –and occasional women—who shaped the specialty through the ages.
In 108 brief chapters, A Biographical History of Endocrinology illuminates the progress of endocrinology from Hippocrates to the modern day. The author highlights important leaders and their contributions to the field, including these early pioneers: Kos and Alexandria, and the first human anatomyBartolomeo Eustachi and the adrenal glandRichard Lower and the pituitary glandThomas Addison and adrenal insufficiencyFranz Leydig and testosterone secreting cellsWiliam Stewart Halsted and surgery of the thyroid glandJohn J. Abel and isolation of hormonesHakaru Hashimoto and his diseaseCovering all the watershed moments in the history of the profession, the book identifies key figures whose contributions remain relevant today. Their fascinating stories of experiments and studies, advocacy and adversity, and exploring unknown territory will inspire the next generation of endocrinologists and satisfy every clinician who ever wondered "how did we get here?"
This comprehensive yet concise biographical history of endocrinology will benefit not only practicing and prospective endocrinologists, but also other medical specialists and medical historians.
English
English
Preface xxi
Chapter 1 Diabetes and the Ebers Papyrus (1552 B.C.E.) 1
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 2 The Greek Myths and the First Physicians (1100 B.C.E.) 3
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 3 Kos and Alexandria (400 B.C.E.–400 C.E.) – The First Human Anatomy 6
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 4 Hippocrates (400 B.C.E) – Western Medicine Begins 11
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 5 Aristotle (384–322 B.C.E.) – Experiments of Nature 17
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 6 Soranus of Ephesus (98–138 C.E.) – Obstetrics and Gynecology 20
Leon Speroff
Chapter 7 Aretaeus of Cappadocia (First and Second Centuries C.E.) 23
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 8 Galen (130–200) – The First “Human Anatomy” 28
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 9 Avicenna (980–1037 C.E.) – Preservation of “Classical” Medicine 32
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 10 Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564) – The Renaissance in Medicine 36
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 11 Bartolomeo Eustachi (Eustachius) (1520–1574) – The Adrenal Gland 39
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 12 Santorio Santorio (1561–1636) – Insensible Loss 41
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 13 William Harvey (1578–1657) – The First Great Experiment, “De Motu Cordis” 44
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 14 Thomas Wharton (1614–1673) – Codifying the Glands 49
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 15 Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694) – The Capillary 55
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 16 Richard Lower (1631–1691) – The Pituitary Gland 58
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 17 Regnier de Graaf (1641–1673) – The Graafian Follicle 61
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 18 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) – The First of the Great Microscopists 69
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 19 John Hunter (1728–1793) – Embryology of the Hind 72
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 20 Caleb Hillier Parry (1755–1822) – Thyrotoxicosis 77
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 21 Thomas Addison (1795–1860) – Adrenal Insufficiency 82
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 22 Robert James Graves (1796–1853) – Thyrotoxicosis 85
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 23 Armand Trousseau (1801–1867) – Diabetes Insipidus 88
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 24 Arnold Adolph Berthold (1803–1861) – Transplantation of Testes 91
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 25 Claude Bernard (1813–1878) – The Discovery of Homeostasis and Internal Secretion 97
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 26 Adolphe Chatin (1813–1901) – Iodine in the Prevention of Goiter 100
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 27 Sir James Paget (1814–1899) – Osteitis Deformans 105
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 28 Sir William Gull (1816–1890) – Adult Cretinism and “Jack the Ripper” 114
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 29 Charles�]Edouard Brown�]Séquard (1817–1894) – Glandular Extract Therapy 123
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 30 Franz Leydig (1821–1908) – Testosterone Secreting Cells 126
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 31 Adolf Kussmaul (1822–1902) – Ketoacidosis 128
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 32 Jean�]Martin Charcot (1825–1893) – Exophthalmic Goiter 130
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 33 Jean Baptiste Boussingault (1802–1887) – Iodine and the Goiter 135
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 34 Bernhard Naunyn (1839–1925) – Dietary Treatment of Diabetes 140
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 35 Enrico Sertoli (1842–1910) – Gametes and the Testes 143
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 36 William Osler (1849–1919) – Treatment of Addison’s Disease 145
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 37 Emil Fischer (1852–1919) – The Stereochemical Nature of Sugars 150
James Magner
Chapter 38 William Stewart Halsted (1852–1922) – Surgery of the Thyroid Gland 153
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 39 Charles Eucharist de Medicis Sajous (1852–1929) – The First President of the Endocrine Society 160
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 40 Pierre Marie (1853–1940) – Acromegaly 165
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 41 Victor Horsley (1857–1916) – Treating Myxedema with Thyroid Extract 167
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 42 Archibald Edward Garrod (1857–1936) – Orchronosis and Human Genetics 170
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 43 John J. Abel (1857–1938) – Isolation of Hormones 174
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 44 Oskar Minkowski (1858–1931) – Diabetes and the Pancreas 182
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 45 Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1861–1947) – Vitamin(e)s and Biochemistry 184
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 46 George R. Murray (1865–1939) – Treatment of Hypothyroidism 191
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 47 William Bayliss and Ernest Starling (1860–1924) (1866–1927) – Molecular Messengers 195
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 48 Harvey Williams Cushing (1869–1939) – Pituitary Basophilism 202
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 49 Leo Loeb and Max Aron (1869–1959) (1892–1974) – Thyrotropin 207
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 50 W.G. MacCallum (1874–1944) – Tetany and the Parathyroid Gland 212
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 51 Moses Barron (1883–1974) – Pancreatic Duct Stone 216
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 52 Frederick Grant Banting (1891–1941) – The Discovery of Insulin 220
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 53 James Bertram Collip (1893–1965) – Isolation of Insulin 225
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 54 Frederick Madison Allen (1879–1964) – The Diabetic Diet 229
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 55 Elliott Proctor Joslin (1869–1962) – Insulin and the Treatment of Diabetes 231
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 56 J.J.R. Macleod (1876–1935) – Discovery of Insulin 234
Michael Bliss
Chapter 57 Frederick L. Hisaw (1891–1972) – Relaxin 245
Clark T. Sawin and Harry K. Ziel
Chapter 58 Henry S. Plummer (1874–1936) – Toxic Nodular Thyroid Gland 251
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 59 Henry H. Dale (1875–1968) – Catecholamines 256
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 60 Robert McCarrison (1878–1960) – Iodine Deficiency and Goiter 264
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 61 Hakaru Hashimoto (1881–1934) – His Disease 269
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 62 Eugene F. DuBois (1882–1959) – Basal Metabolism and the Thyroid 274
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 63 Herbert McLean Evans (1882–1971) – Pituitary Hormones 279
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 64 Philip E. Smith (1884–1970) – Trophic Hormones of the Pituitary 284
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 65 Edward C. Kendall (1886–1972) – Structures of Cortisol and Thyroxin 288
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 66 David Marine (1880–1976) – Iodine and Goiter 292
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 67 George Washington Corner (1889–1981) – Progesterone 297
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 68 Henry H. Turner (1892–1970) – Gonadal Dysgenesis 302
Ron Rosenfeld
Chapter 69 Ernest Basil Verney (1894–1967) – Vasopressin is a Hormone 306
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 70 Gerty and Carl Cori (1896–1957) (1896–1984) – Glucose Metabolism and Lactic Acid 311
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 71 Charles Robert Harington (1897–1972) – Synthesis of Thyroxine 316
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 72 Dorothy Price and Carl Moore (1899–1980) (1892–1955) – Regulation of Gonadal Hormone Secretion 320
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 73 Fuller Albright (1900–1969) – Uncharted Seas 325
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 74 Charles Brenton Huggins (1901–1997) – Androgen Ablation Therapy for Prostate Cancer 331
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 75 Vincent du Vigneaud (1901–1978) – Antidiuretic Hormone 333
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 76 Russell Earl Marker (1902–1995) – The Mexican Yam 335
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 77 Gregory Goodwin Pincus (1903–1967) – The Birth Control Pill 338
Leon Speroff
Chapter 78 G.F. Marrian (1904 –1981) – Isolation of Estrogens 344
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 79 Berta and Ernst Scharrer (1906–1995) (1905–1965) – Concept of Neurosecretion 348
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 80 Ulf Svante von Euler (1905–1983) – Neurosecretion of Norepinephrine 354
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 81 Saul Hertz (1905–1950) – Radioactive Iodine and the Treatment of Graves’ Disease 360
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 82 George Widmer Thorn (1906–2004) – The Treatment of Addison’s Disease 364
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 83 Hans Hugo Bruno Selye (1907–1982) – Stress and the Endocrine System 368
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 84 Jerome W. Conn (1907–1994) – Adrenal Mediated High Blood Pressure 371
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 85 Frank G. Young (1908–1988) – The Pituitary Gland and Diabetes Mellitus 373
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 86 Edwin B. Astwood (1909–1976) – Radioiodine Treatment for Thyrotoxicosis 379
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 87 Roy Hertz (1909–2002) – Cure of Choriocarcinoma 384
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 88 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (1910–1994) – The Structure of Insulin 387
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 89 Harry F. Klinefelter (1912–1990) – Genetic Hypogonadism 390
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 90 Julius Axelrod (1912–2004) – Epinephrine Synthesis, Secretion, and Reuptake 393
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 91 Geoffrey W. Harris (1913–1967) – The Brain’s Control of the Pituitary Gland 399
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 92 Frederic C. Bartter (1914–1983) – Disorders of “The Pump” 406
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 93 Earl W. Sutherland (1915–1974) – Discovery of Cyclic AMP 411
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 94 Maurice S. Raben (1915–1977) – The Treatment of Growth Hormone Deficiency 418
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 95 Alfred Jost (1916–1991) – Sexual Ambiguity 424
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 96 Robert Burns Woodward (1917–1979) – Synthesis of Cholesterol 426
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 97 Sylvia Agnes Sophia Tait (1917–2003) – Steroid Metabolism 428
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 98 Solomon Berson (1918–1972) – Radioimmunoassay 430
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 99 Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (1921–2011) – Radioimmunoassay 433
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 100 Mort Lipsett (1921–1984) – The Syndromes of Adrenal Insufficiency 436
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 101 Griff Terry Ross (1921–1985) – The β Subunit of hCG 439
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 102 Grant Liddle (1921–1989) – Differential Diagnosis of Cushing’s Syndrome 442
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 103 Monte Arnold Greer (1922–2002) – Thyroid Nodules 444
Clark T. Sawin
Chapter 104 Jacob Robbins (1923–2008) – Radiation�]Induced Thyroid Cancer 452
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 105 Donald S. Fredrickson (1924–2002) – Lipid Dyscrasiasis 455
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 106 John Doppman (1928–2000) – Interventional Radiology 458
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 107 Gerald Aurbach (1927–1991) – Parathormone 461
D. Lynn Loriaux
Chapter 108 Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally (1924–) (1926–) – The Hypothalamic�]Releasing Hormones 464
D. Lynn Loriaux
Criticism 469
Index 471
