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More About This Title Smart Materials for Waste Water Applications
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Smart materials are used to develop more cost-effective and high-performance water treatment systems as well as instant and continuous ways to monitor water quality. Smart materials in water research have been extensively utilized for the treatment, remediation, and pollution prevention. Smart materials can maintain the long term water quality, availability and viability of water resource. Thus, water via smart materials can be reused, recycled, desalinized and also it can detect the biological and chemical contamination whether the source is from municipal, industrial or man-made waste.
The 15 state-of-the-art review chapters contained in this book cover the recent advancements in the area of waste water, as well as the prospects about the future research and development of smart materials for the waste water applications in the municipal, industrial and manmade waste areas. Treatment techniques (nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, adsorption and nano-reactive membranes) are also covered in-depth. The chapters are divided into three groups: The first section includes the various carbon nanomaterials (such as carbon nanotubes, mixed oxides) with a focus on use of carbon at nanoscale applied for waste water research. The second section focuses on synthetic nanomaterials for pollutants removal. The third section highlights the bio-polymeric nanomaterials where the authors have used the natural polymers matrices in a composite and nanocomposite material for waste treatment.
The large number of researchers working in the area will benefit from the fundamental concepts, advanced approaches and application of the various smart materials towards waste water treatment that are described in the book. It will also provide a platform for the researchers and graduate students to carry out advanced research and understand the building blocks.
English
English
Preface xv
Part 1 Carbon Nanomaterials 1
1 Easy and Large-Scale Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube-Based Adsorbents for the Removal of Arsenic and Organic Pollutants from Aqueous Solutions 3
Fei Yu and Jie Ma
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Removal of Arsenic from Aqueous Solution 5
1.3 Removal of Organic Pollutants from Aqueous Solution 22
1.4 Summary and Outlook 39
Acknowledgment 40
References 40
2 Potentialities of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment 47
Ana L. Cukierman, Emiliano Platero, María E. Fernandez, and Pablo R. Bonelli
2.1 Introduction 48
2.2 Graphene Synthesis Routes 49
2.3 Adsorption of Water Pollutants onto Graphene-Based Materials 52
2.4 Comparison of the Adsorption Performance of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials 72
2.5 Regeneration and Reutilization of the Graphene-Based Adsorbents 73
2.6 Conclusion 77
Acknowledgements 78
Nomenclature 78
References 79
3 Photocatalytic Activity of Nanocarbon-TiO2 Composites with Gold Nanoparticles for the Degradation of Water Pollutants 87
L.M. Pastrana-Martínez, S.A.C. Carabineiro, J.L. Figueiredo, J.L. Faria, A.M.T. Silva, and J.G. Buijnsters
3.1 Introduction 88
3.2 Experimental 90
3.3 Results and Discussion 93
3.4 Conclusions 101
Acknowledgements 102
References 102
4 Carbon Nanomaterials for Chromium (VI) Removal from Aqueous Solution 109
Pavel Kopel, Vedran Milosavljevic, Dorota Wawrzak, Amitava Moulick, Marketa Vaculovicova, Rene Kizek, and Vojtech Adam
4.1 Introduction 110
4.2 Carbon Nanomaterials for Heavy Metal Removal 111
4.3 Latest Progress in Nanocarbon Materials for Cr(VI) Treatment 113
4.4 Summary 121
Acknowledgement 121
References 121
5 Nano-Carbons from Pollutant Soot: A Cleaner Approach toward Clean Environment 127
Kumud Malika Tripathi, Nidhi Rani Gupta, and Sumit Kumar Sonkar
5.1 Introduction 127
5.2 Separation of Nano-carbon from Pollutant BC 131
5.3 Functionalization of Nano-Carbons Isolated from Pollutant BC 135
5.4 Nano-Carbons from Pollutant Soot for Wastewater Treatment 141
5.5 Conclusion 145
Acknowledgments 146
References 146
6 First-Principles Computational Design of Graphene for Gas Detection 155
Yoshitaka Fujimoto
6.1 Introduction 155
6.2 Computational Methodology 157
6.3 Nitrogen Doping and Nitrogen Vacancy Complexes in Graphene 158
6.4 Molecular Gas Adsorptions 166
6.5 Summary 174
Acknowledgments 174
References 175
Part 2 Synthetic Nanomaterials 179
7 Advanced Material for Pharmaceutical Removal from Wastewater 181
Parisa Amouzgar, May Yuan Wong, Bahman Amini Horri, and Babak Salamatinia
7.1 Introduction 182
7.2 Advanced Materials in the Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Wastewater 185
7.3 Activated Carbon (AC) 185
7.4 Modified Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) 186
7.5 Modified Polysaccharide Matrices 188
7.6 Metal Organic Framework (MOF) 190
7.7 Reactive Composites 191
7.8 TiO2-Coated Adsorbents 192
7.9 Adsorption by Zeolite and Polymer Composites 192
7.10 Adsorption by Clay 193
7.11 Conventional Technologies for the Removal of PPCPs in WWTP 200
7.12 Membrane Filtration 201
7.13 Ozonation and Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) 201
7.14 Electro-oxidation 202
7.15 Adsorption by Coagulation and Sedimentation 202
7.16 Conclusion 203
References 203
8 Flocculation Performances of Polymers and Nanomaterials for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewaters 213
E. Fosso-Kankeu, F. Waanders, A.F. Mulaba-Bafubiandi, and A.K. Mishra
8.1 General Introduction 214
8.2 Conventional Treatment of Water with Inorganic Coagulants 214
8.3 Development of Polymer-Based Coagulants and Mechanisms of Turbidity Removal 219
8.4 Synthesis of Nanomaterials-Based Flocculants and Utilisation in the Removal of Pollutants 223
8.5 Conclusion 227
References 228
9 Polymeric Nanospheres for Organic Waste Removal 237
Ambika and Pradeep Pratap Singh
9.1 Introduction 237
9.2 Method of Preparation of Nanospheres 239
9.3 Applications of Different Type of Nanospheres in Water Purification 241
9.4 Future Aspects 248
9.5 Conclusions 248
Acknowledgment 249
References 249
10 A Perspective of the Application of Magnetic Nanocomposites and Nanogels as Heavy Metal Sorbents for Water Purification 257
Hilda Elizabeth Reynel-Avila, Didilia Ileana Mendoza-Castillo, and Adrián Bonilla-Petriciolet
10.1 Introduction 258
10.2 Description of Magnetic Nanoparticles and Nanogels 259
10.3 Routes for the Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles and Nanogels 260
10.4 Heavy Metal Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Magnetic Nanomaterials and Nanogels 266
10.5 Desorption, Regeneration, and Final Disposal 278
10.6 Conclusions and Future Perspective 279
Acknowledgments 280
References 280
11 Role of Core–Shell Nanocomposites in Heavy Metal Removal 289
Sheenam Thatai, Parul Khurana, and Dinesh Kumar
11.1 Introduction 289
11.1.1 Types of Materials 291
11.2 Core and Shell Material: Synthesis and Properties 292
11.3 Nanocomposites Material: Synthesis and Properties 295
11.4 Nanocomposite Materials for Water Decontamination Application 297
11.5 Stability of Metal Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites Material 299
Acknowledgements 302
References 303
Part 3 Biopolymeric Nanomaterials 311
12 Adsorption of Metallic Ions Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cr3+ from Water Samples Using Brazil Nut Shell as a Low-Cost Biosorbent 313
Juliana Casarin, Aff onso Celso Gonçalves Jr, Gustavo Ferreira Coelho, Marcela Zanetti Corazza, Fernanda Midori de Oliveira, César Ricardo Teixeira Tarley, Adilson Pinheiro, Matheus Meier, and Douglas Cardoso Dragunski
12.1 Introduction 314
12.2 Materials and Methods 314
12.3 Results and Discussion 318
12.4 Conclusion 330
Acknowledgments 330
References 331
13 Cellulose: A Smart Material for Water Purification 335
Bharti Arora, Eun Ha Choi, Masaharu Shiratani, and Pankaj Attri
13.1 Introduction 336
13.2 Cellulose: Smart Material for Water Treatment 337
13.3 Conclusion 343
References 343
14 Treatment of Reactive Dyes from Water and Wastewater through Chitosan and its Derivatives 347
Mohammadtaghi Vakili, Mohd Rafatullah, Zahra Gholami and Hossein Farraji
14.1 Introduction 348
14.2 Dyes 349
14.3 Reactive Dyes 350
14.4 Dye Treatment Methods 351
14.5 Adsorption 352
14.6 Adsorbents for Dye Removal 352
14.7 Chitosan 354
14.8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 368
Acknowledgement 369
References 369
15 Natural Algal-Based Processes as Smart Approach for Wastewater Treatment 379
D. Annie Jasmine, K.B. Malarmathi, S.C.G. Kiruba Daniel, and S. Malathi
15.1 Introduction 380
15.2 Algal Species Used in Wastewater Treatment 382
15.3 Factors Affecting the Growth of Algae 385
15.4 Microalgae and Wastewater Treatment 388
15.5 Case Study of Algal Approach in the Treatment of Municipal Wastewater 390
15.6 Biofuel from Algae Treated Wastewater 391
15.7 Conclusions 394
Acknowledgment 395
References 395
Index 399
