Title Details

SH. ANIL K. MAINI is Director at the Laser Science and Technology Centre (LASTEC), an R&D establishment under the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), India. He has more than 30 years of research experience in a wide range of defence electronics, optoelectronics and laser systems. His areas of expertise include optoelectronic sensor systems, laser systems, power electronics, digital electronics and related technologies. At LASTEC, he is spearheading the development of laser systems and optoelectronics simulators and sensors. He has written eleven books, around 150 publications and has two patents to his credit. He is life fellow of The Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE) and a life member of The Indian Laser Association.

VARSHA AGRAWAL is a scientist at the Laser Science and Technology Centre (LASTEC), an R&D establishment under the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), India. She has been with DRDO for the last ten years and has been working on the design and development of a variety of electronics subsystems for various defence-related applications. She has three written books: Satellite Technology: Principles and Applications, Satellite Communications and Electronics Devices and Circuits.

Table of Contents

PART I

SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY 1

1 Introduction to Satellites and Their Applications

1.1 Ever-expanding Application Spectrum

1.2 What is a Satellite?

1.3 History of the Evolution of Satellites

1.4 Evolution of Launch Vehicles

1.5 Future Trends

Further Reading

Glossary

2 Satellite Orbits and Trajectories

2.1 Definition of an Orbit and a Trajectory

2.2 Orbiting Satellites – Basic Principles

2.3 Orbital Parameters

2.4 Injection Velocity and Resulting Satellite Trajectories

2.5 Types of Satellite Orbits

Further Reading

Glossary

3 Satellite Launch and In-Orbit Operations

3.1 Acquiring the Desired Orbit

3.2 Launch Sequence

3.3 Orbital Perturbations

3.4 Satellite Stabilization

3.5 Orbital Effects on Satellite’s Performance

3.6 Eclipses

3.7 Look Angles of a Satellite

3.8 Earth Coverage and Ground Tracks

Further Reading

Glossary

4 Satellite Hardware

4.1 Satellite Subsystems

4.2 Mechanical Structure

4.3 Propulsion Subsystem

4.4 Thermal Control Subsystem

4.5 Power Supply Subsystem

4.6 Attitude and Orbit Control

4.6.1 Attitude Control

4.6.2 Orbit Control

4.7 Tracking, Telemetry and Command Subsystem

4.8 Payload

4.9 Antenna Subsystem

4.10 Space Qualification and Equipment Reliability

Further Reading

Glossary

5 Communication Techniques

5.1 Types of Information Signals

5.2 Amplitude Modulation

5.3 Frequency Modulation

5.4 Pulse Communication Systems

5.5 Sampling Theorem

5.6 Shannon–Hartley Theorem

5.7 Digital Modulation Techniques

5.8 Multiplexing Techniques

Further Reading

Glossary

6 Multiple Access Techniques

6.1 Introduction to Multiple Access Techniques

6.2 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)

6.3 Single Channel per Carrier (SCPC) Systems

6.4 Multiple Channels Per Carrier (MCPC) Systems

6.5 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

6.6 TDMA Frame Structure

6.7 TDMA Burst Structure

6.8 Computing Unique Word Detection Probability

6.9 TDMA Frame Efficiency

6.10 Control and Coordination of Traffic

6.11 Frame Acquisition and Synchronization

6.12 FDMA vs. TDMA

6.13 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

6.14 Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)

Further Reading

Glossary

7 Satellite Link Design Fundamentals

7.1 Transmission Equation

7.2 Satellite Link Parameters

7.3 Frequency Considerations

7.4 Propagation Considerations

7.5 Techniques to Counter Propagation Effects

7.6 Noise Considerations

7.7 Interference-related Problems

7.8 Antenna Gain-to-noise Temperature (G/T) Ratio

7.9 Link Design

Further Reading

Glossary

8 Earth Station

Earth StationTypes of Earth StationsEarth Station ArchitectureEarth Station Design ConsiderationsEarth Station TestingEarth Station HardwareSatellite TrackingSome Representative Earth Stations

Further Reading

Glossary

PART II

SATELLITE APPLICATIONS

9 Communication Satellites

9.1 Introduction to Communication Satellites

9.2 Communication-Related Applications of Satellites

9.3 Frequency Bands

9.4 Payloads

9.5 Satellite versus Terrestrial Networks

9.6 Satellite Telephony

9.7 Satellite Television

9.8 Satellite Radio

9.9 Satellite Data Communication Services

9.10 Important Missions

9.11 Future Trends

Further Reading

Glossary

10 Remote Sensing Satellites

10.1 Remote Sensing – An Overview

10.2 Classification of Satellite Remote Sensing Systems

10.3 Remote Sensing Satellite Orbits

10.4 Remote Sensing Satellite Payloads

10.5 Passive Sensors

10.6 Active Sensors

10.7 Types of Images

10.8 Image Classification

10.9 Image Interpretation

10.10 Applications of Remote Sensing Satellites

10.11 Major Remote Sensing Missions

10.12 Future Trends

Further Reading

Glossary

11 Weather Satellites

11.1 Weather Forecasting – An Overview

11.2 Weather Forecasting Satellite Fundamentals 11.3 Images from Weather Forecasting Satellites

11.4 Weather Forecasting Satellite Orbits

11.5 Weather Forecasting Satellite Payloads

11.6 Image Processing and Analysis

11.7 Weather Forecasting Satellite Applications

11.8 Major Weather Forecasting Satellite Missions

11.9 Future of Weather Forecasting Satellite Systems

Further Reading

Glossary

12 Navigation Satellites

12.1 Development of Satellite Navigation Systems

12.2 Global Positioning System (GPS)

12.3 Working Principle of the GPS

12.4 GPS Positioning Services and Positioning Modes

12.5 GPS Error Sources

12.6 GLONASS Satellite System

12.7 GPS-GLONASS Integration

12.8 Applications of Satellite Navigation Systems

12.9 Future of Satellite Navigation Systems

Further Reading

Glossary

13 Scientific Satellites

13.1 Satellite-Based versus Ground-Based Scientific Techniques

13.2 Payloads on Board Scientific Satellites

13.3 Applications of Scientific Satellites – Study of Earth

13.4 Observation of the Earth’s Environment

13.5 Astronomical Observations

13.6 Missions for Studying Planets of the Solar System

13.7 Missions Beyond the Solar System

13.8 Other Fields of Investigation

13.9 Future Trends

Further Reading

Glossary

14 Military Satellites

14.1 Military Satellites – An Overview

14.2 Satellite Military Communication

14.3 Development of Military Communication Satellite Systems

14.4 Frequency Spectrum Utilized by Military Communication Satellite

Systems

14.5 Dual-use Military Satellite Communication Satellite Systems

14.6 Reconnaissance Satellites

14.7 SIGINT Satellites

14.8 Early Warning Satellites

14.9 Nuclear Explosion Satellites

14.10 Military Weather Forecasting Satellites

14.11 Military Navigation Satellites

14.12 Space Weapons

14.13 Strategic Defence Initiative

14.14 Directed Energy Laser Weapons

14.15 Advanced Concepts

Further Reading

Glossary

Subject Index

"This timely update of the 2007 edition incorporates the latest advances in satellite technology, with a new chapter on earth station design and particular focus on space-based weapons systems, satellite interference issues, and future trends in the field." (Booknews, 1 February 2011)