Title Details

S. RAO VALLABHANENI is an educator, author, publisher, consultant, and practitioner in business with more than thirty years of management and teaching experience in auditing, accounting, manufacturing, and IT consulting in both public and private sectors. He is the author of more than sixty trade books, study guides, review guides, monographs, audit guides, and articles in auditing and IT. He holds twenty-four professional certifications in business management in Accounting, Auditing, Finance, Information Technology, Manufacturing, Quality, and Human Resource fields.

CIA Exam Study Preparation Resources ix

CIA Exam-Taking Tips and Techniques  xiii

CIA Exam Content Specifi cations xv

Domain 1 Mandatory Guidance (35–45%) 1

Definition of Internal Auditing 1

International Standards 2

IIA’s Code of Ethics 135

Domain 2 Internal Control and Risk (25–35%) 138

Types of Controls 138

Management Control Techniques 156

Internal Control and Alternative

Control Frameworks 160

Risk Vocabulary and Concepts 180

Fraud Risk Awareness 191

Risk Factors, Red Flags, and Symptoms of Fraud 193

Acts, Traits, and Profi les of

Fraud Perpetrators 204

Domain 3 Conducting Internal Audit Engagements—Audit Tools

and Techniques (28–38%) 210

Data-Gathering Tools and Techniques 210

Data Analysis and Interpretation 226

Process Mapping 257

Audit and Legal Evidence 263

Appendix Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 273

Title II—Auditor Independence 274

Title III—Corporate Responsibility 275

Title IV—Enhanced Financial Disclosures 277

About the Author 279

Index 281