Title Details

Yi Cheng is currently a Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Tsinghua University. He has received several awards such as the first prize of Natural Science Award by the Ministry of Education of China and the first prize of Science and Technology Progress Award by China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation. He has written numerous articles and presented papers at many conferences.

Fei Wei is currently a Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Tsinghua University. He has been the head of Fluidization Lab of Tsinghua University (FLOTU) for 20 years, and received several top-level national awards in China. He has written numerous articles, book chapters and book chapters and presented papers at many conferences.

Yong Jin is currently a Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Tsinghua University and a Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He has authored more than 300 published articles, numerous books and book chapters and presented papers at approximately 50 conferences.

Preface xiii

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xv

1 Novel Fluid Catalytic Cracking Processes 1
Jinsen Gao Chunming Xu Chunxi Lu Chaohe Yang Gang Wang Xingying Lan and Yongmin Zhang

1.1 FCC Process Description 1

1.2 Reaction Process Regulation for the Heavy Oil FCC 3

1.3 Advanced Riser Termination Devices for the FCC Processes 10

1.4 An MZCC FCC Process 19

1.5 Two?]Stage Riser Fluid Catalytic Cracking Process 28

1.6 FCC Gasoline Upgrading by Reducing Olefins Content Using SRFCC Process 36

1.7 FCC Process Perspectives 44

References 45

2 Coal Combustion 49
Guangxi Yue Junfu Lv and Hairui Yang

2.1 Fuel and Combustion Products 49

2.2 Device and Combustion Theory of Gaseous Fuels 52

2.3 Combustion Theory of Solid Fuel 53

2.4 Grate Firing of Coal 55

2.5 Coal Combustion in CFB Boiler 57

2.6 Pulverized Coal Combustion 60

References 63

3 Coal Gasification 65
Qiang Li and Jiansheng Zhang

3.1 Coal Water Slurry 65

3.2 The Theory of Coal Gasification 70

3.3 Fixed Bed Gasification of Coal 79

3.4 Fluid Bed Gasification of Coal 90

3.5 Entrained Flow Gasification of Coal 98

3.6 Introduction to the Numerical Simulation of Coal Gasification 112

References 116

4 New Development in Coal Pyrolysis Reactor 119
Guangwen Xu Xi Zeng Jiangze Han and Chuigang Fan

4.1 Introduction 119

4.2 Moving Bed with Internals 121

4.3 Solid Carrier FB Pyrolysis 129

4.4 Multistage Fluidized Bed Pyrolysis 139

4.5 Solid Carrier Downer Pyrolysis 145

4.6 Other Pyrolysis Reactors 149

4.7 Concluding Remarks 153

Acknowledgments 153

References 153

5 Coal Pyrolysis to Acetylene in Plasma Reactor 155
Binhang Yan and Yi Cheng

5.1 Introduction 155

5.2 Experimental Study of Coal Pyrolysis to Acetylene 159

5.3 Thermodynamic Analysis of Coal Pyrolysis to Acetylene 164

5.4 Computational Fluid Dynamics?]Assisted Process Analysis and Reactor Design 171

5.5 Conclusion and Outlook 183

References 186

6 Multiphase Flow Reactors for Methanol and Dimethyl Ether Production 189
Tiefeng Wang and Jinfu Wang

6.1 Introduction 189

6.2 Process Description 191

6.3 Reactor Selection 197

6.4 Industrial Design and Scale?]Up of Fixed Bed Reactor 200

6.5 Industrial Design and Scale?]Up of Slurry Bed Reactor 202

6.6 Demonstration of Slurry Reactors 213

6.7 Conclusions and Remarks 214

References 215

7 Fischer–Tropsch Processes and Reactors 219
Li Weng and Zhuowu Men

7.1 Introduction to Fischer–Tropsch Processes and Reactors 219

7.2 SBCR Transport Phenomena 222

7.3 SBCR Experiment Setup and Results 231

7.4 Modeling of SBCR for FT Synthesis Process 249

7.5 Reactor Scale?]Up and Engineering Design 259

References 263

8 Methanol to Lower Olefins and Methanol to Propylene 271
Yao Wang and Fei Wei

8.1 Background 271

8.2 Catalysts 272

8.3 Catalytic Reaction Mechanism 273

8.4 Features of the Catalytic Process 275

8.5 Multiphase Reactors 278

8.6 Industrial Development 286

References 292

9 Rector Technology for Methanol to Aromatics 295
Weizhong Qian and Fei Wei

9.1 Background and Development History 295

9.2 Chemistry Bases of MTA 298

9.3 Effect of Operating Conditions 300

9.4 Reactor Technology of MTA 304

9.5 Comparison of MTA Reaction Technology with FCC and MTO System 310

References 311

10 Natural Gas Conversion 313
Wisarn Yenjaichon Farzam Fotovat and John R. Grace

10.1 Introduction 313

10.2 Reforming Reactions 313

10.3 Sulfur and Chloride Removal 314

10.4 Catalysts 314

10.5 Chemical Kinetics 315

10.6 Fixed Bed Reforming Reactors 316

10.7 Shift Conversion Reactors 317

10.8 Pressure Swing Adsorption 317

10.9 Steam Reforming of Higher Hydrocarbons 318

10.10 Dry (Carbon Dioxide) Reforming 318

10.11 Partial Oxidation (POX) 320

10.12 Autothermal Reforming (ATR) 321

10.13 Tri?]Reforming 321

10.14 Other Efforts to Improve SMR 322

10.15 Conclusions 326

References 326

11 Multiphase Reactors for Biomass Processing and Thermochemical Conversions 331
Xiaotao T. Bi and Mohammad S. Masnadi

11.1 Introduction 331

11.2 Biomass Feedstock Preparation 332

11.3 Biomass Pyrolysis 336

11.4 Biomass Gasification 343

11.5 Biomass Combustion 359

11.6 Challenges of Multiphase Reactors for Biomass Processing 366

References 369

12 Chemical Looping Technology for Fossil Fuel Conversion with In Situ CO2 Control 377
Liang?]Shih Fan Andrew Tong and Liang Zeng

12.1 Introduction 377

12.2 Oxygen Carrier Material 381

12.3 Chemical Looping Reactor System Design 384

12.4 Chemical Looping Technology Platform 396

12.5 Conclusion 400

References 401

Index 405