Title Details

Laurence CHEZE, Engineer in Mechanics, Ph.D. in Biomechanics, Professor at University of Lyon (France) where she is responsible of the Biomechanics specialty of the Master degree. She has been an active researcher in the field of biomechanics since the 1990s, involved in many research projects conducted with academic and industrial partners which applications where mainly in orthopedics and rehabilitation. She organized several international congresses, and is reviewer for many international journals and research projects. Author of approximately 80 papers in archive journals and ex-president of the french Society of Biomechanics, her main fields of interest are multi-body modeling of the musculo-skeletal system, 3D motion experimental measurement and analysis for both fundamental research and clinical investigations. Until now, she has supervised 38 students in MSc and 20 students in Ph.D on these topics.

FOREWORD ix

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND STATE OF THE ART 1

1.1. Historical benchmarks 2

1.2. Current needs in different domains 9

1.2.1. Simulation of movement in ergonomics 9

1.2.2. The command of humanoid robots 11

1.2.3. The analysis of sporting movements 13

1.2.4. Clinical applications of movement analysis 14

CHAPTER 2. THE DIFFERENT MOVEMENT ANALYSIS DEVICES AVAILABLE ON THE MARKET 17

2.1. Which tools for different applications? 17

2.2. Optical capture systems and passive tags 24

2.2.1. Working principle of an optical system with passive markers    24

2.2.2. Implementation steps of an experimental protocol using this type of system 30

CHAPTER 3. FROM MEASUREMENT TO INTERPRETATION 35

3.1. The different parameters 35

3.2. Recommendations by the International Society of Biomechanics to standardize the presentation of joint angles 49

3.3. Joint translations or displacements 54

CHAPTER 4. ERRORS IN MEASUREMENT  59

4.1. Instrumental errors  59

4.2. Experimental errors  60

4.2.1. Soft tissue artifacts 61

4.3. Error in locating anatomical landmarks 68

4.3.1. Assessment 68

4.3.2. Sensitivity of joint kinematics to these errors 71

CHAPTER 5. SOME CLINICAL APPLICATIONS  73

5.1. Evolution of biomechanical parameters of gait in infants, from first steps to 7 years old 74

5.1.1. Materials and methods    74

5.1.2. Results and discussion    76

5.2. Upper limb, assessment of functional movements 81

5.3. Mobility of a healthy cervical spine 87

5.3.1. Materials and methods    87

5.3.2. Results and discussion    91

5.4. Changes in the three-dimensional kinematics of the knee with medial compartment arthrosis  94

5.4.1. Materials and methods    95

5.4.2. Results and discussion    99

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 103

BIBLIOGRAPHY  107

INDEX   129