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More About This Title Fungal Infection - Diagnosis and Management 4e
English
This highly acclaimed book has been extensively revised and updated throughout to ensure all drug and dosage recommendations are accurate and in agreement with current guidelines. A new chapter on infections caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii has been added. The book has been designed to enable rapid information retrieval and to help clinicians make informed decisions about diagnosis and patient management. Each chapter concludes with a list of recent key publications which have been carefully selected to facilitate efficient access to further information on specific aspects of fungal infections.
Clinical microbiologists, infectious disease specialists, as well as dermatologists, hematologists and oncologists, can depend on this contemporary text for authoritative information and the background necessary to understand fungal infections.
English
David W. Warnock - National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Preface to the first edition, xxviii
Acknowledgements, xxix
1 Introduction, 1
1.1 The nature of fungi, 1
1.2 Classification and nomenclature of fungi and fungal diseases, 3
1.3 Fungi as human pathogens, 5
1.4 The changing pattern of fungal infection, 7
1.5 New directions in diagnosis, 9
1.6 New directions in treatment and prevention, 10
2 Laboratory diagnosis of fungal infection, 12
2.1 Introduction, 12
2.2 Collection of specimens, 13
2.3 Specimens for serological tests, 18
2.4 Specimens for antifungal drug level determinations, 18
2.5 Transport of specimens, 18
2.6 Interpretation of laboratory test results, 18
2.7 Molecular diagnosis of fungal infection, 28
3 Antifungal drugs, 32
3.1 Introduction, 32
3.2 Allylamines, 32
3.4 Other allylamine compounds for topical administration, 35
3.5 Azoles, 35
3.6 Fluconazole, 40
3.7 Itraconazole, 44
3.8 Ketoconazole, 48
3.9 Posaconazole, 50
3.10 Voriconazole, 53
3.11 Other imidazole compounds for topical administration, 57
3.12 Echinocandins, 59
3.13 Anidulafungin, 60
3.14 Caspofungin, 61
3.15 Micafungin, 63
3.16 Polyenes, 65
3.17 Amphotericin B, 66
3.18 Other polyene compounds for topical administration, 76
3.19 Flucytosine, 76
3.20 Griseofulvin, 79
3.21 Other miscellaneous compounds for topical administration, 81
3.22 Prophylactic treatment for prevention of fungal infection, 82
3.23 Empirical treatment of suspected fungal infection in the neutropenic patient, 84
3.24 Pre-emptive antifungal treatment, 85
3.25 Combination antifungal treatment of invasive fungal infections, 85
3.26 Laboratory monitoring, 86
4 Dermatophytosis, 91
4.1 Introduction, 91
4.2 The causal organisms and their habitat, 92
4.3 Epidemiology, 93
4.4 Laboratory diagnosis of dermatophytosis, 94
4.5 Tinea capitis, 95
4.6 Tinea corporis, 102
4.7 Tinea cruris, 105
4.8 Tinea pedis, 107
4.9 Tinea manuum, 111
4.10 Tinea unguium, 113
5 Superficial candidosis, 121
5.1 Definition, 121
5.2 Geographical distribution, 121
5.3 The causal organisms and their habitat, 121
5.4 Epidemiology, 122
5.5 Clinical manifestations, 124
5.6 Essential investigations and their interpretation, 130
5.7 Management, 130
5.8 Prevention, 136
6 Other cutaneous fungal infections, 138
6.1 Pityriasis versicolor, 138
6.2 Other Malassezia infections, 142
6.3 Piedra, 143
6.4 White piedra, 144
6.5 Black piedra, 145
6.6 Tinea nigra, 147
6.7 Neoscytalidium infection, 148
6.8 Alternaria infection, 149
7 Mould infections of nails, 151
7.1 Definition, 151
7.2 Geographical distribution, 151
7.3 The causal organisms and their habitat, 151
7.4 Epidemiology, 152
7.5 Clinical manifestations, 152
7.6 Differential diagnosis, 153
7.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation, 153
7.8 Management, 154
7.9 Prevention, 155
8 Keratomycosis, 156
8.1 Definition, 156
8.2 Geographical distribution, 156
8.3 The causal organisms and their habitat, 156
8.4 Epidemiology, 157
8.5 Clinical manifestations, 158
8.6 Essential investigations and their interpretation, 159
8.7 Management, 160
9 Otomycosis, 162
9.1 Definition, 162
9.2 Geographical distribution, 162
9.3 The causal organisms and their habitat, 162
9.4 Epidemiology, 162
9.5 Clinical manifestations, 163
9.6 Differential diagnosis, 164
9.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation, 164
9.8 Management, 164
10 Aspergillosis, 166
10.1 Definition, 166
10.2 Geographical distribution, 166
10.3 The causal organisms and their habitat, 166
10.4 Epidemiology, 167
10.5 Clinical manifestations, 170
10.6 Essential investigations and their interpretation, 182
10.7 Management, 186
10.8 Empirical treatment of suspected invasive aspergillosis, 194
10.9 Prevention, 195
11 Invasive candidosis, 201
11.1 Definition, 201
11.2 Geographical distribution, 201
11.3 The causal organisms and their habitat, 201
11.4 Epidemiology, 202
11.5 Clinical manifestations, 208
11.6 Candidosis in special hosts, 217
11.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation, 217
11.8 Management, 221
11.9 Empirical treatment of suspected invasive candidosis, 232
11.10 Prevention, 232
12 Cryptococcosis, 236
12.1 Definition, 236
12.2 Geographical distribution, 236
12.3 The causal organisms and their habitat, 236
12.4 Epidemiology, 238
12.5 Clinical manifestations, 240
12.6 Essential investigations and their interpretation, 244
12.7 Management, 246
12.8 Prevention, 251
13 Mucormycosis, 253
13.1 Definition, 253
13.2 Geographical distribution, 253
13.3 The causal organisms and their habitat, 253
13.4 Epidemiology, 254
13.5 Clinical manifestations, 256
13.6 Differential diagnosis, 259
13.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation, 259
13.8 Management, 260
13.9 Prevention, 262
14 Pneumocystosis, 264
14.1 Definition, 264
14.2 Geographical distribution, 264
14.3 The causal organisms and their habitat, 264
14.4 Epidemiology, 265
14.5 Clinical manifestations, 268
14.6 Differential diagnosis, 269
14.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation, 270
14.8 Management, 271
14.9 Prevention, 274
15 Blastomycosis, 277
15.1 Definition, 277
15.2 Geographical distribution, 277
15.3 The causal organism and its habitat, 277
15.4 Epidemiology, 278
15.5 Clinical manifestations, 279
15.6 Differential diagnosis, 282
15.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation, 282
15.8 Management, 283
15.9 Prevention, 286
16 Coccidioidomycosis, 288
16.1 Definition, 288
16.2 Geographical distribution, 288
16.3 The causal organisms and their habitat, 288
16.4 Epidemiology, 289
16.5 Clinical manifestations, 291
16.6 Differential diagnosis, 294
16.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation, 294
16.8 Management, 297
16.9 Prevention, 301
17 Histoplasmosis, 304
17.1 Definition, 304
17.2 Geographical distribution, 304
17.3 The causal organism and its habitat, 305
17.4 Epidemiology, 305
17.5 Clinical manifestations, 307
17.6 Differential diagnosis, 312
17.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation, 313
17.8 Management, 316
17.9 Prevention, 320
18 Paracoccidioidomycosis, 322
18.1 Definition, 322
18.2 Geographical distribution, 322
18.3 The causal organism and its habitat, 322
18.4 Epidemiology, 323
18.5 Clinical manifestations, 324
18.6 Differential diagnosis, 327
18.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation, 327
18.8 Management, 329
18.9 Prevention, 331
19 Chromoblastomycosis, 332
19.1 Definition, 332
19.2 Geographical distribution, 332
19.3 The causal organisms and their habitat, 332
19.4 Epidemiology, 333
19.5 Clinical manifestations, 333
19.6 Differential diagnosis, 334
19.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation, 334
19.8 Management, 335
20 Entomophthoromycosis, 338
20.1 Introduction, 338
20.2 Basidiobolomycosis, 338
20.3 Conidiobolomycosis, 341
21 Mycetoma, 344
21.1 Definition, 344
21.2 Geographical distribution, 344
21.3 The causal organisms and their habitat, 344
21.4 Epidemiology, 346
21.5 Clinical manifestations, 346
21.6 Differential diagnosis, 347
21.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation, 348
21.8 Management, 349
22 Sporotrichosis, 352
22.1 Definition, 352
22.2 Geographical distribution, 352
22.3 The causal organism and its habitat, 352
22.4 Epidemiology, 353
22.5 Clinical manifestations, 354
22.6 Differential diagnosis, 356
22.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation, 357
22.8 Management, 358
22.9 Prevention, 360
23 Hyalohyphomycosis, 362
23.1 Introduction, 362
23.2 Fusarium infection, 362
23.3 Scedosporium infection, 369
23.4 Other agents of hyalohyphomycosis, 373
24Penicillium marneffeiinfection, 376
24.1 Introduction, 376
24.2 Geographical distribution, 376
24.3 The causal organism and its habitat, 376
24.4 Epidemiology, 377
24.5 Clinical manifestations, 378
24.6 Differential diagnosis, 378
24.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation, 379
24.8 Management, 380
24.9 Prevention, 381
25 Phaeohyphomycosis, 383
25.1 Introduction, 383
25.2 Geographical distribution, 384
25.3 The causal organisms and their habitat, 384
25.4 Epidemiology, 385
25.5 Clinical manifestations, 387
25.6 Differential diagnosis, 390
25.7 Essential investigations and their interpretation, 391
25.8 Management, 392
26 Other invasive yeast infections, 396
26.1 Introduction, 396
26.2 Systemic Malassezia infection, 396
26.3 Trichosporonosis, 399
26.4 Other yeast infections, 402
27 Unusual fungal and pseudofungal infections, 405
27.1 Introduction, 405
27.2 Adiaspiromycosis, 405
27.3 Lacaziosis, 408
27.4 Pythiosis, 410
27.5 Rhinosporidiosis, 414
Further reading, 416
Select bibliography, 419
Index, 421
English
The new edition is a little larger than the previous one, but will still sit nicely on the desk. It has the same 27 chapters, most of which have been extensively revised and some new ones substituted. The chapters are based around clinical syndromes so, for example, there is quite a long chapter on dermatophyte infections and a shorter one on mycetoma. The chapter on antifungal drugs is much longer due to the addition of agents such as posaconazole and the newer echinocandins. New chapters have been added on Pneumocystosis, and ‘Unusual fungi and Pseudofungal infections’. At the end of each chapter is a useful guide to further reading.
Each chapter has a set of standard headings: definition, geographical distribution, causal organisms and habitat, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, essential investigations and their interpretation, management, prevention. This, coupled with the detailed index, makes it easy to find the bit of information you need. In particular, I found the chapter on histoplasma most helpful when working on an online clinical interpretation scenario!
As the authors say in the introduction, there have been a number of significant developments in the diagnosis and management of fungal infections since the last edition. Patients are now more complex by nature of their illness or their medical management, and the potential for opportunistic infection in the immunosuppressed has increased. Although the book was published in 2012, the basics of fungal infection such as microscopy and culture do not change. The extended chapter on laboratory diagnosis covers new techniques in serology and molecular diagnosis. At the moment, there is a lack of rapid and cost-effective tests in this area; many of the assays being performed are not standardised and some more trials are needed. I hope this section will be the one that goes out of date first, as more rapid or molecular tests are added to the diagnostic setting.
I will keep this book on my desk as quick reference during a phone call, but also as a more detailed guide to managing patients with invasive fungal infections. I recommend it to anyone who deals with fungal infections, whether in the laboratory or out on the wards, and to trainees and students as well. (Dr Fiona E. Donald, Consultant Medical Microbiologist, Nottingham University Hospitals, RCPATH Bulletin, October 2013)
