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More About This Title A Textbook of Neuroanatomy
English
Navigates students through the general principles and integrative components of the Nervous System
Highlights interrelationships between systems, structures, and the rest of the body
Emphasizes clinical relevance through clinical cases, questions, and follow-up discussions in each chapter
Indicates medical conditions relevant to each chapter in the Clinical Considerations
Features an accompanying website, www.blackwellpublishing.com/patestas, which includes all the illustrations, along with animations of key processes; also available on CD-ROM. Please contact our Higher Education team at [email protected] for more information.
English
Leslie P. Gartner is Professor of Anatomy in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the Dental School of the University of Maryland. He has received numerous teaching awards and is the author of Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology, 3rd Edition (1999), Oral Histology and Embryology, 2nd Edition (1999) as well as the coauthor of the well-respected Textbook of Head and Neck Anatomy, 3rd Edition, with James L. Hiatt (2001), and coauthor of the Color Textbook of Histology, 2nd Edition (2001) and the Color Atlas of Histology, 4th Edition (2005) also with James L. Hiatt. The atlas, which is used by almost half the US medical schools, has been translated into eight languages. He also coauthored Cell Biology and Histology, 4th Edition (2003) with James L. Hiatt and Judy M. Strum and is the Histology consultant to Stedman’s Medical Dictionary, 28th Edition (2006).
English
Preface viii
Part 1 General Principles of the Nervous System 1
Chapter 1 Introduction to the Nervous System 3
Cells of the nervous system 3
Central nervous system 5
Peripheral nervous system 7
Questions to ponder 9
Chapter 2 Development of the Nervous System 10
Clinical case 10
Early development 11
Neurulation 12
Early development of the spinal cord and brain 18
Development of the spinal cord 19
Development of the brain 21
Clinical considerations 26
Synonyms and eponyms 27
Follow-up to clinical case 27
Questions to ponder 27
Chapter 3 Histophysiology of the Nervous System 28
Clinical case 28
Neurons 29
Neuroglia 35
Generation and conduction of nerve impulses 38
Clinical considerations 42
Synonyms and eponyms 43
Follow-up to clinical case 43
Questions to ponder 43
Chapter 4 Neurotransmitter Substances 44
Clinical case 44
Classification of neurotransmitter substances 47
Clinical considerations 52
Follow-up to clinical case 53
Questions to ponder 53
Chapter 5 Spinal Cord 54
Clinical case 54
Morphology of the spinal cord 55
Internal morphology of the spinal cord 60
Vascular supply of the spinal cord 63
Clinical considerations 66
Synonyms and eponyms 67
Follow-up to clinical case 67
Questions to ponder 67
Chapter 6 Gross Anatomy of the Brain 68
Clinical case 68
Cerebrum 69
Diencephalon 77
Cerebellum 77
Brainstem 80
Clinical considerations 82
Synonyms and eponyms 82
Follow-up to clinical case 82
Questions to ponder 83
Chapter 7 Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid 84
Clinical case 84
Cranial meninges 85
Spinal meninges 92
Venous sinuses of the cranial dura mater 93
Cerebrospinal fluid 95
Ventricles of the brain 95
Clinical considerations 97
Synonyms and eponyms 97
Follow-up to clinical case 97
Questions to ponder 98
Chapter 8 Vascular Supply of the Central Nervous System 99
Clinical case 99
Vascular supply of the spinal cord 100
Arterial supply of the brain 101
Venous drainage of the brain 112
Clinical considerations 116
Synonyms and eponyms 117
Follow-up to clinical case 117
Questions to ponder 117
Chapter 9 Autonomic Nervous System 118
Clinical case 118
Sympathetic nervous system 119
Parasympathetic nervous system 126
Enteric nervous system 129
Neurotransmitters and receptors of the autonomic nervous system 130
Pelvic autonomic functions 131
Clinical considerations 132
Synonyms and eponyms 133
Follow-up to clinical case 133
Questions to ponder 133
Part 2 Integrative Components of the Nervous System 135
Chapter 10 Ascending Sensory Pathways 137
Clinical case 137
Sensory receptors 138
Anterolateral system 146
Tactile sensation and proprioception 154
Sensory pathways to the cerebellum 157
Clinical considerations 161
Modulation of nociception 166
Neuroplasticity 168
Synonyms and eponyms 169
Follow-up to clinical case 170
Questions to ponder 170
Chapter 11 Motor Cortex and Descending Motor Pathways 171
Clinical case 171
Cortical areas controlling motor activity 172
Descending motor pathways 174
Clinical considerations 187
Synonyms and eponyms 188
Follow-up to clinical case 189
Questions to ponder 189
Chapter 12 Basal Ganglia 190
Clinical case 190
Components of the basal ganglia 191
Nuclei associated with the basal ganglia 196
Input, intrinsic, and output nuclei of the basal ganglia 196
Connections of the basal ganglia 198
Circuits connecting the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebral cortex 205
Other circuits of the basal ganglia 207
Neurotransmitters of the basal ganglia 208
“Direct” and “indirect” loops (pathways) of the basal ganglia 209
Circuits that modulate activity of the basal ganglia 210
Clinical considerations 212
Synonyms and eponyms 217
Follow-up to clinical case 218
Questions to ponder 218
Chapter 13 Cerebellum 219
Clinical case 219
Morphology of the cerebellum 220
Cerebellar peduncles 227
Deep cerebellar nuclei 229
Afferents (input) to the cerebellum 231
Efferents (output) from the cerebellum 235
Functional organization of the cerebellum: intrinsic circuitry 236
Clinical considerations 238
Synonyms and eponyms 240
Follow-up to clinical case 240
Questions to ponder 240
Chapter 14 Reticular Formation 241
Clinical case 241
Morphology of the reticular formation 241
Zones of the reticular formation 242
Nuclei associated with the reticular formation 245
Input to and output from the reticular formation 245
Functions of the reticular formation 245
Clinical considerations 250
Synonyms and eponyms 251
Follow-up to clinical case 251
Questions to ponder 252
Chapter 15 Cranial Nerves 253
Clinical case 253
Olfactory nerve (CN I) 256
Optic nerve (CN II) 256
Oculomotor nerve (CN III) 258
Trochlear nerve (CN IV) 260
Trigeminal nerve (CN V) 261
Abducent nerve (CN VI) 266
Facial nerve (CN VII) 268
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) 272
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) 272
Vagus nerve (CN X) 274
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) 277
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) 277
Synonyms and eponyms 280
Follow-up to clinical case 280
Questions to ponder 281
Chapter 16 Visual System 282
Clinical case 282
Eye 282
Central visual pathways 287
Visual reflexes 291
Clinical considerations 298
Synonyms and eponyms 302
Follow-up to clinical case 302
Questions to ponder 303
Chapter 17 Auditory System 304
Clinical case 304
Ear 304
Auditory transmission 308
Central auditory pathways 309
Clinical considerations 315
Synonyms and eponyms 316
Follow-up to clinical case 316
Questions to ponder 317
Chapter 18 Vestibular System 318
Clinical case 318
Vestibular apparatus 319
Vestibular nerve (CN VIII) 325
Central pathways of the vestibular system 326
Control of ocular movements 329
Vestibular nystagmus 332
Caloric nystagmus 334
Synonyms and eponyms 334
Follow-up to clinical case 334
Questions to ponder 335
Chapter 19 Olfactory System 336
Clinical case 336
Olfactory receptor cells 336
Olfactory transduction 338
Olfactory nerve (CN I) 338
Central connections of the olfactory system 339
Clinical considerations 342
Synonyms and eponyms 342
Follow-up to clinical case 342
Questions to ponder 343
Chapter 20 Limbic System 344
Clinical case 344
Limbic lobe 345
Brainstem centers associated with limbic system function 355
Pathways of the limbic system 356
Clinical considerations 358
Synonyms and eponyms 359
Follow-up to clinical case 359
Questions to ponder 360
Chapter 21 Hypothalamus 361
Clinical case 361
Borders 362
Hypothalamic zones and component nuclei 362
Hypothalamic regions (areas) and component nuclei 368
Connections of the hypothalamus 370
Pathways of the hypothalamus 370
Functions of the hypothalamus 374
Hypothalamohypophyseal connections 376
Clinical considerations 382
Synonyms and eponyms 383
Follow-up to clinical case 383
Questions to ponder 384
Chapter 22 Thalamus 385
Clinical case 385
Borders 385
Anatomy 385
Internal and external medullary laminae 388
Thalamic nuclei 389
Clinical considerations 395
Synonyms and eponyms 396
Follow-up to clinical case 396
Questions to ponder 397
Chapter 23 Cerebral Cortex 398
Clinical case 398
Cells of the cerebral cortex 400
Types of cortex 402
Cell layers of the neocortex 402
Vertical columnar organization of the cerebral cortex 404
Afferents (input) to the cerebral cortex 404
Efferents (output) from the cerebral cortex 404
Internal capsule and corona radiata 406
Lobes of the cerebral cortex 408
Functional areas of the cerebral cortex 408
Cerebral dominance 417
Clinical considerations 417
Synonyms and eponyms 421
Follow-up to clinical case 422
Questions to ponder 423
Questions to ponder: answers to odd questions 425
Index 435
