Title Details

CSI is a national association dedicated to creating standards and formats to improve construction documents and project delivery. The organization is unique in the industry in that its members are a cross section of specifiers, architects, engineers, contractors, and building materials suppliers. CSI is renowned in the industry for its rigorous certification programs for professionals seeking to improve their knowledge of accurate and concise construction documents.

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xiii

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1.1 Background 1

1.2 The Construction Specifications Institute 1

1.3 Reference Document 2

1.4 The Practice Guide Structure 3

1.5 Terminology 3

1.6 The Construction Product Representative 4

1.7 Project Life Cycle 5

Chapter 2 Product Representation 7

2.1 Product Representation 7

2.2 Educational Background 7

2.3 Personal Characteristics 8

2.4 Proficiency 8

2.5 Forms of Representation 9

2.5.1 Manufacturers’ Employees

2.5.2 Independent Sales Representatives

2.5.3 Distributors

2.5.4 Combined Forms of Representation

2.5.5 Other Forms of Representation

2.6 Working with the Project Team 12

2.6.1 Owner Team

2.6.2 Design Team

2.6.3 Contractor Team

2.6.4 Supplier Team

2.7 Communication Relationships 17

2.8 Contractual Relationships 18

2.9 Determining the Target Market 21

2.10 Developing Leads 22

2.11 Contacting Decision Makers 23

2.12 Product Information 24

2.12.1 Types of Information

2.12.2 The Product Binder

2.12.3 Brochures and Loose Information

2.12.4 Audiovisual Materials

2.12.5 Electronic Media

2.12.6 Product Data Collections

2.12.7 Samples and Mockups

2.12.8 Product Information

2.12.9 Filing Product Information

2.12.10 Product Information Tracking Systems

2.12.11 Multiple Product Binders

2.12.12 Combination Binders

2.13 Loose Information 35

2.14 Distributing Product Information 36

2.15 Product Presentations 36

2.15.1 Preparing for the Product Presentation

2.15.2 Presentation Guidelines

2.16 Calls 40

2.16.1 Cold Call

2.16.2 Informational Update

2.17 Forms of Presentation 41

2.17.1 Consultative Presentations

2.17.2 Seminars

2.17.3 Product Shows

2.18 The Sales Process 44

2.18.1 Participants

2.18.2 Manufacturer’s Employee Responsibilities

2.18.3 Independent Sales Representative Responsibilities

2.18.4 Distributor Responsibilities

2.19 Activities and Deliverables 47

2.20 Summary 48

Chapter 3 Formats 49

3.1 Formats 49

3.2 Hierarchy of Formats 49

3.2.1 OmniClassTM

3.2.2 UniFormatTM

3.2.3 MasterFormat®

3.3 SectionFormatTM 56

3.4 PageFormatTM 58

3.5 GreenFormatTM 58

3.6 Summary 59

Chapter 4 Project Team—Roles and Responsibilities 61

4.1 The Project Team 61

4.1.1 Owner Team

4.1.2 Design Team

4.1.3 Contractor Team

4.1.4 Supplier Team

4.2 Project Participants 63

4.3 Project Team Participation 65

Chapter 5 Project Delivery 67

5.1 Introduction 67

5.2 Services 67

5.2.1 Design Services

5.2.2 Construction Services

5.3 Factors Affecting Project Delivery 70

5.3.1 Owner’s Experience, Qualifications, and Capability

5.3.2 Extent

5.3.3 Time

5.3.4 Cost

5.3.5 Number of Contracts

5.3.6 Form of Agreement

5.4 Project Delivery Methods and Services 82

5.4.1 Design-Bid-Build

5.4.2 Design-Negotiate-Build

5.4.3 Construction Management

5.4.4 Design-Build

5.4.5 Owner-Build

5.5 The Project Team 107

5.5.1 Selecting the Team

5.5.2 Selecting an A/E

5.5.3 Selecting a Contractor

5.5.4 Selecting a Construction Manager

5.5.5 Selecting a Design-Builder

5.5.6 Partnering and Collaboration

5.5.7 Total Project Commissioning

5.6 Summary 115

Chapter 6 Design Phase Activities 117

6.1 Introduction 117

6.2 Design Processes and Phases 118

6.2.1 Design Phases

6.2.2 Schematic Design

6.2.3 Design Development

6.2.4 Design Variations

6.3 Design Considerations 121

6.3.1 Regulatory Requirements

6.3.2 Functional Requirements

6.3.3 Sustainability Requirements

6.3.4 Aesthetic Requirements

6.3.5 Constructability Reviews

6.3.6 Budget

6.4 Product Evaluation and Selection 132

6.4.1 Determining Priority of Product Selection

6.4.2 Establishing the Requirements

6.4.3 Performance Criteria

6.4.4 Obtaining Product Information

6.4.5 Services That Product Representatives Provide to the Design Team

6.4.6 Identifying Products

6.4.7 Product Selection

6.5 Quality 151

6.5.1 Establishing Quality

6.5.2 Participants Affect Quality

6.5.3 Concurrent Quality Assurance/Quality Control Processes

6.6 Controlling the Variables 153

6.6.1 Allowances, Alternates, and Unit Prices

6.6.2 Cash Allowances

6.6.3 Quantity Allowances

6.6.4 Alternates

6.7 Cost Estimating and Value Analysis 156

6.7.1 Budgeting/Estimating

6.7.2 Balancing Costs against Resources and Extent

6.7.3 Estimating Techniques

6.7.4 Schematic Design Estimates

6.7.5 Design Development Estimates

6.7.6 Life Cycle Costs

6.7.7 Value Analysis

6.8 Schematic Design Documentation 163

6.8.1 Use of Preliminary Project Descriptions

6.8.2 Drawings

6.8.3 Estimates

6.9 Design Development Documentation 167

6.9.1 Use of Outline Specifications

6.9.2 Organization

6.9.3 Content

6.9.4 Design Team Coordination

6.9.5 Drawings

6.9.6 Design Development Document Organization

6.9.7 Estimates

Chapter 7 Construction Documents 173

7.1 Introduction 173

7.1.1 Construction Documents

7.1.2 Providing Assistance with Drawings

7.1.3 Specifications

7.2 Methods of Specifying 175

7.2.1 Assisting with the Preparation of Descriptive Specifications

7.2.2 Assisting with the Preparation of Performance Specifications

7.2.3 Assisting with the Preparation of Reference Standard Specifications

7.2.4 Assisting with the Preparation of Proprietary Specifications

7.2.5 Compliant Document Review Program

7.3 Specification Language 186

7.4 Writing Style 186

7.5 Vocabulary 186

7.6 Preparing Specifications 187

7.7 Specifying Workmanship 187

7.8 Drawing Trends 188

7.9 Terminology and Abbreviations 189

7.10 Responsibility for Coordination 190

Chapter 8 Procurement Phase Activities 191

8.1 Introduction 191

8.2 Pricing 192

8.2.1 Purchasing

8.2.2 Project Funding

8.2.3 Pricing Considerations

8.2.4 Pricing Categories

8.2.5 Competitive Pricing

8.2.6 Value Analysis of Proposed Substitutions

8.2.7 Pricing under Design-Bid-Build Project Delivery

8.2.8 Pricing under Design-Negotiate-Build Project Delivery

8.2.9 Pricing under Design-Build Project Delivery

8.2.10 Pricing Under Construction Management Project Delivery

8.2.11 Pricing Under Owner-Build Project Delivery

8.3 Project Information 199

8.3.1 Distribution of Information

8.3.2 Control of Information

8.4 Bidding 203

8.4.1 General Considerations

8.4.2 Public Bidding Process

8.4.3 Private Bidding Process

8.5 Negotiating 219

8.5.1 Participants

8.5.2 Procurement Documents

8.5.3 Negotiation Procedures

8.5.4 Value Analysis of Construction Prices

8.6 Subcontracting 221

8.6.1 Subcontractor Prices

8.6.2 Subcontractor Issues and Concerns

8.6.3 Bid Shopping

8.6.4 Subcontractor Bidding Environment

8.7 Award of Contract 222

8.8 Purchasing of Goods 223

8.8.1 General Considerations

8.8.2 Participants

8.8.3 Documents

8.8.4 Processes

8.8.5 Purchasing-Cost Impacts and Concerns

8.9 Agreements 231

8.9.1 Contract Form

8.9.2 Contract Terms

8.10 Summary 232

Chapter 9 Construction Phase Activities 235

9.1 Introduction 235

9.2 Construction 235

9.2.1 Construction: A Team Activity

9.2.2 Team Approach

9.2.3 Benefits to Working as a Team

9.2.4 Obstacles to Working as a Team

9.2.5 Team Building and Partnering

9.3 Understanding the Documents 240

9.3.1 Contract Documents

9.3.2 Drawings

9.3.3 Specifications

9.4 Administering Construction Based on Delivery Methods 243

9.5 Contractor’s Project Manager 244

9.6 Roles and Responsibilities 244

9.6.1 Owner

9.6.2 Architect/Engineer

9.6.3 Contractor

9.6.4 Subcontractors and Suppliers

9.6.5 Consultants

9.6.6 Authorities Having Jurisdiction

9.6.7 Testing Agency Inspectors

9.6.8 Commissioning Agent

9.6.9 Product Representatives

9.6.10 Communication

9.7 Preconstruction 257

9.7.1 Contractor’s Organization

9.7.2 Notice to Proceed

9.7.3 Contract Documents

9.7.4 Preconstruction Submittals

9.7.5 Permits and Regulatory Issues

9.7.6 Preconstruction Meetings

9.7.7 Verification of Site Conditions

9.7.8 Mobilization

9.8 Meetings 282

9.8.1 Procedures and Administration

9.8.2 Types of Meetings

9.9 Submittals 285

9.9.1 Contract Documents

9.9.2 Pre construction Submittals

9.9.3 Construction Submittals

9.9.4 Closeout Submittals

9.9.5 Submittal Preparation

9.9.6 Submittal Review

9.9.7 Participant Responsibilities

9.9.8 Record Keeping

9.9.9 Processing Procedures

9.10 Site Visits, Observation, and Inspection 297

9.10.1 Contracting Requirements

9.10.2 Owner Responsibilities

9.10.3 A/E Responsibilities

9.10.4 Contractor Responsibilities

9.10.5 Authorities Having Jurisdiction

9.10.6 Working Relationships

9.10.7 Conduct at the Project Site

9.10.8 Project Site Safety

9.10.9 Defective and Nonconforming Work

9.10.10 Delivery, Storage, and Protection of Products

9.11 Quality Assurance and Quality Control 311

9.11.1 Participants Affect Quality

9.11.2 Examples of Quality Assurance

9.11.3 Examples of Quality Control

9.11.4 Concurrent Quality Assurance/Quality Control Processes

9.11.5 Quality Established by the Contract

9.11.6 Team Approach

9.12 Interpretations and Modifications 317

9.12.1 Interpreting Contract Documents

9.12.2 Contract Modifications

9.12.3 Substitutions

9.12.4 Feedback

9.13 Product Delivery and Installation 342

9.13.1 Product Delivery, Storage, and Handling

9.13.2 Complying with Contract Requirements

9.13.3 Manufacturer’s Recommendations

9.13.4 Product Delivery

9.13.5 Examination and Verification

9.13.6 Preparation

9.13.7 Erection, Installation, and Application

9.13.8 Erection

9.13.9 Installation

9.13.10 Contractor’s Inspections

9.13.11 Cleaning and Waste Management

9.13.12 Protecting Installed Construction

9.13.13 Testing and Inspection

9.14 Claims and Disputes 351

9.14.1 Introduction

9.14.2 Claims

9.14.3 Entitlement

9.14.4 Resolving Claims

9.14.5 Disputes

9.15 Measurement and Payment 361

9.15.1 Applications for Payment

9.15.2 Payment Intervals

9.15.3 Basis of Payment

9.15.4 Contractual Responsibilities

9.15.5 Measurement

9.15.6 Schedule of Values

9.15.7 Application for Payment

9.15.8 Progress Payments

9.15.9 Retainage

9.15.10 Withholding Payment

9.15.11 Failure to Make Payments

9.15.12 Liens

9.15.13 Liquidated Damages and Penalty/Bonus Clauses

9.15.14 Substantial Completion, Partial Occupancy, Final Acceptance, and Payments

9.15.15 Final Payment

9.16 Summary 377

Chapter 10 Project Closeout 381

10.1 Participant Roles 381

10.2 Closeout Meeting 381

10.3 Closeout 382

10.3.1 Closeout Submittals

10.4 Starting of Systems and Equipment 385

10.5 Demonstration of Systems and Equipment and Training 386

10.6 Correction Period 386

10.7 Commissioning 387

10.8 Time of Completion 388

10.8.1 Substantial Completion

10.9 Final Completion 394

10.9.1 Final Inspection

10.9.2 Final Change Order

10.10 Liquidated Damages—Penalty/ Bonus Clauses 395

10.11 Final Inspection and Final Payment 395

10.12 Post-construction Services 395

10.12.1 Post-construction Assistance

10.12.2 Post-construction Phase

10.13 Project Feedback 396

10.14 Developing a Construction Contract Administration Guide 398

Chapter 11 Facility Management 399

11.1 What Is It? 399

11.2 Who Is It? 399

11.3 Role of the FM 399

11.4 Operations and Maintenance 400

11.5 Types of Maintenance 400

11.6 Budgets 401

11.7 Documents for Life Cycle Activities 401

11.8 Summary 403

Chapter 12 Sustainable Design and Construction 405

12.1 Sustainable Design and Construction 405

12.2. Sustainability 409

12.3 Domestic (US and Canadian) Green Building Rating Systems 409

12.3.1 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)

12.3.2 Audubon Green LeafTM Eco-Rating Program

12.3.3 Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPS)

12.3.4 Sustainable Building Challenge (SBC)—SBTool

12.3.5 Laboratories for the 21st Century (Labs21^®)

12.3.6 Green Building Initiative (GBI) Green Globes (BOMA BESt)

12.3.7 Living Building Challenge

12.3.8 Building Energy Quotient (bEQ)

12.3.9 Sustainability, Tracking, Assessment, and Rating System TM (STARS)

12.4 Owner 411

12.4.1 Role and Responsibilities

12.4.2 Owner’s Expectations

12.5 Design Team 413

12.5.1 Role and Responsibilities

12.5.2 Design Team Expectations

12.6 Product Manufacturers and Representatives 415

12.6.1 Role and Responsibilities

12.6.2 Environmental and Sustainability Product Information

12.6.3 Corporate Sustainability Reporting

12.7 Contractor Team 418

12.7.1 Preconstruction Phase

12.7.2 Construction Phase

12.7.3 Contractor’s Expectations

12.8 Energy Performance and Conservation 422

12.8.1 Water Use and Conservation

12.8.2 Materials and Resources

12.8.3 Material Construction Best Practices

12.8.4 Environmental Quality

12.8.5 Construction IAQ Best Practices

12.8.6 Historic Preservation and Rehabilitation

12.9 Product and System Evaluation 437

Chapter 13 Summary 441

INDEX 443