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More About This Title Physics for Radiation Protection 3e
English
A much-needed working resource for health physicists and other radiation protection professionals, this volume presents clear, thorough, up-to-date explanations of the basic physics necessary to address real-world problems in radiation protection. Designed for readers with limited as well as basic science backgrounds, Physics for Radiation Protection emphasizes applied concepts and carefully illustrates all topics through examples as well as practice problems.
Physics for Radiation Protection draws substantially on current resource data available for health physics use, providing decay schemes and emission energies for approximately 100 of the most common radionuclides encountered by practitioners. Excerpts of the Chart of the Nuclides, activation cross sections, fission yields, fission-product chains, photon attenuation coefficients, and nuclear masses are also provided. Coverage includes:
- The atom as an energy system
- An overview of the major discoveries in radiation physics
- Extensive discussion of radioactivity, including sources and materials
- Nuclear interactions and processes of radiation dose
- Calculational methods for radiation exposure, dose, and shielding
- Nuclear fission and production of activation and fission products
- Specialty topics ranging from nuclear criticality and applied statistics to X rays
- Extensive and current resource data cross-referenced to standard compendiums
- Extensive appendices and more than 400 figures
English
English
Preface XVII
1 Structure of Atoms 1
1.1 Atom Constituents 2
1.2 Structure, Identity, and Stability of Atoms 5
1.3 Chart of the Nuclides 6
1.4 Nuclear Models 8
2 Atoms and Energy 11
2.1 Atom Measures 12
2.2 Energy Concepts for Atoms 14
3 Radioactive Transformation 21
3.1 Processes of Radioactive Transformation 21
3.2 Decay Schemes 54
3.3 Rate of Radioactive Transformation 57
3.4 Radioactivity Calculations 65
3.5 Activity–mass Relationships 70
3.6 Radioactive Series Transformation 73
3.7 Radioactive Equilibrium 77
3.8 Total Number of Transformations (Uses of s and kEff) 84
3.9 Discovery of the Neutrino 86
4 Interactions 91
4.1 Production of X-rays 91
4.2 Characteristic X-rays 93
4.3 Nuclear Interactions 98
4.4 Alpha Particle Interactions 104
4.5 Transmutation by Protons and Deuterons 106
4.6 Neutron Interactions 114
4.7 Activation Product Calculations 117
4.8 Medical Isotope Reactions 126
4.9 Transuranium Elements 128
4.10 Photon Interactions 130
4.11 Fission and Fusion Reactions 133
4.12 Summary 138
5 Nuclear Fission and its Products 143
5.1 Fission Energy 145
5.2 Physics of Sustained Nuclear Fission 147
5.3 Neutron Economy and Reactivity 152
5.4 Nuclear Power Reactors 154
5.5 Light Water Reactors (LWRs) 157
5.6 Heavy Water Reactors (HWRs) 165
5.7 Breeder Reactors 169
5.8 Gas-cooled Reactors 174
5.9 Reactor Radioactivity 176
5.10 Radioactivity in Reactors 188
5.11 Summary 193
6 Naturally Occurring Radiation and Radioactivity 197
6.1 Discovery and Interpretation 197
6.2 Background Radiation 199
6.3 Cosmic Radiation 200
6.4 Cosmogenic Radionuclides 203
6.5 Naturally Radioacitve Series 207
6.6 Singly Occurring Primordial Radionuclides 214
6.7 Radioactive Ores and Byproducts 216
6.8 Radioactivity Dating 224
6.9 Radon and its Progeny 228
6.10 Summary 240
7 Interactions of Radiation with Matter 245
7.1 Radiation Dose and Units 245
7.2 Radiation Dose Calculations 249
7.3 Interaction Processes 250
7.4 Interactions of Alpha Particles and Heavy Nuclei 252
7.5 Beta Particle Interactions and Dose 257
7.6 Photon Interactions 270
7.7 Photon Attenuation and Absorption 277
7.8 Energy Transfer and Absorption by Photons 288
7.9 Exposure/Dose Calculations 296
7.10 Summary 303
8 Radiation Shielding 307
8.1 Shielding of Alpha-Emitting Sources 307
8.2 Shielding of Beta-Emitting Sources 308
8.3 Shielding of Photon Sources 314
8.4 Gamma Flux for Distributed Sources 338
8.5 Shielding of Protons and Light Ions 357
8.6 Summary 360
9 Internal Radiation Dose 365
9.1 Absorbed Dose in Tissue 365
9.2 Accumulated Dose 366
9.3 Factors In The Internal Dose Equation 370
9.4 Radiation Dose from Radionuclide Intakes 383
9.5 Operational Determinations of Internal Dose 405
9.6 Tritium: a Special Case 408
9.7 Summary 411
10 Environmental Dispersion 415
10.1 Atmospheric Dispersion 417
10.2 Nonuniform turbulence: Fumigation, Building Effects 429
10.3 Puff Releases 438
10.4 Sector-Averaged v/Q Values 439
10.5 Deposition/Depletion: Guassian Plumes 443
10.6 Summary 452
11 Nuclear Criticality 455
11.1 Nuclear Reactors and Criticality 456
11.2 Nuclear Explosions 464
11.3 Criticality Accidents 470
11.4 Radiation Exposures in Criticality Events 475
11.5 Criticality Safety 476
11.6 Fission Product Release in Criticality Events 482
11.7 Summary 485
12 Radiation Detection and Measurement 489
12.1 Gas-Filled Detectors 489
12.2 Crystalline Detectors/Spectrometers 493
12.3 Semiconducting Detectors 494
12.4 Gamma Spectroscopy 495
12.5 Portable Field Instruments 504
12.6 Personnel Dosimeters 509
12.7 Laboratory Instruments 511
13 Statistics in Radiation Physics 523
13.1 Nature of Counting Distributions 523
13.2 Propagation of Error 534
13.3 Comparison of Data Sets 538
13.4 Statistics for the Counting Laboratory 541
13.5 Levels of Detection 551
13.6 Minimum Detectable Concentration or Contamination 558
13.7 Log Normal Data Distributions 562
14 Neutrons 571
14.1 Neutron Sources 571
14.2 Neutron Parameters 573
14.3 Neutron Interactions 575
14.4 Neutron Dosimetry 578
14.5 Neutron Shielding 591
14.6 Neutron Detection 598
14.7 Summary 605
Appendix A 613
Appendix B 615
Appendix C 625
Appendix D 629
Index 657
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“The book is intended as a comprehensive treatise about all the physics aspects upon which radiation protection is based.” (Health Physics, 1 March 2014)
“A highly practical resource for health physicists and other professionals in radiation protection.” (ETDE Energy Database, 1 October 2013)
