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More About This Title The Chemistry of Bio-based Polymers
English
An exhaustive and timely overview of renewable polymers from a respected chemist and successful author
The recent explosion of interdisciplinary research has fragmented the knowledge base surrounding renewable polymers. The Chemistry of Bio-based Polymers brings together, in one volume, the research and work of Professor Johannes Fink, focusing on biopolymers that can be synthesized from renewable polymers. After introducing general aspects of the field, the book’s subsequent chapters examine the chemistry of biodegradable polymeric types sorted by their chemical compounds, including the synthesis of low molecular compounds. Various categories of biopolymers are detailed including vinyl-based polymers, acid and lactone polymers, ester and amide polymers, carbohydrate-related polymers and others. Procedures for the preparation of biopolymers and biodegradable nanocomposites are arranged by chemical methods and in vitro biological methods, with discussion of the issue of “plastics from bacteria.”
The factors influencing the degradation and biodegradation of polymers used in food packaging, exposed to various environments, are detailed at length. The book covers the medical applications of bio-based polymers, concentrating on controlled drug delivery, temporary prostheses, and scaffolds for tissue engineering. Professor Fink also addresses renewable resources for fabricating biofuels and argues for localized biorefineries, as biomass feedstocks are more efficiently handled locally.
Audience
The Chemistry of Bio-based Polymers will be read by chemists, polymer and materials scientists, chemical, bio-based, and biomedical engineers, agricultural and environmental faculty and all those who work in the bioeconomy area. This book will be critical for engineers in a number of industries including food packaging, medical devices, personal care, fuels, auto, and construction.
English
Johannes Karl Fink is Professor of Macromolecular Chemistry at Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria. His industry and academic career spans more than 30 years in the fields of polymers, and his research interests include characterization, flame retardancy, thermodynamics and the degradation of polymers, pyrolysis, and adhesives. Professor Fink has published several books on physical chemistry and polymer science including A Concise Introduction to Additives for Thermoplastic Polymers (Wiley-Scrivener 2009) and Polymeric Sensors and Actuators (Wiley-Scrivener 2012)
English
Preface xiii
1 An Overview of Methods and Standards 1
1.1 History of Biodegradable Plastics 1
1.2 Green Chemistry 2
1.3 Commercial Situation 5
1.4 Environmental Situation 7
1.5 Properties of Biodegradable Polymers 12
1.6 Special Methods of Synthesis 14
1.7 Biodegradability Standards 20
1.8 Test of the Biological Origin 29
References 35
Part I Bio-based Polymers Degradation and Chemistry 43
2 Vinyl Based Polymers 45
2.1 Polyolefins 45
2.2 Poly(styrene) Elastomers 48
2.3 Poly(vinyl alcohol) 48
2.4 Poly(vinyl butyral) 51
References 60
3 Acid and Lactone Polymers 63
3.1 Poly(lactic acid) 63
3.2 Poly(glycolic acid)s 74
3.3 Butyrolactone-based Vinyl Monomers 77
3.4 Poly(caprolactone) 81
References 83
4 Ester and Amide Polymers 87
4.1 Poly(ester)s 87
4.2 Plant oil-based Biopolymers 117
4.3 Poly(amide)s 124
References 131
5 Carbohydrate Related Polymers 137
5.1 Starch 137
5.2 Cellulose 149
5.3 Cellulose ethers 158
5.4 Cellulose esters 158
5.5 Cellulose ether esters 158
5.6 Lignin 160
5.7 Biodegradable Nanocomposites 162
5.8 Chitin 164
References 167
6 Other Polymer Types 171
6.1 Terpenes 171
6.2 Poly(urethane)s 176
6.3 Cationic Lipopolymers 178
6.4 Plastics from Bacteria 179
6.5 Biobased Epoxy Resins 180
6.6 Phosphate Containing Polymers 181
6.7 Polyketals 187
6.8 Bio-rubber 188
6.9 Collagen 189
6.10 Pyridinium Modified Polymers 189
6.11 Commercial Biodegradable Polymers 190
References 192
Part II Applications 195
7 Packaging and Food Applications 197
7.1 Packaging 197
7.2 Fibers and Nets 210
7.3 Foams 213
7.4 Biodegradable Hot melt Adhesive Compositions 217
7.5 Food Applications 218
References 219
8 Medical Applications 223
8.1 Drug Delivery 223
8.2 Tissue Engineering 238
8.3 Tissue Markers 240
8.4 Hydrogels 242
8.5 Microporous Materials 243
8.6 Implants 246
8.7 Shape Memory Polymers 252
8.8 Stents 255
8.9 Thermogelling Materials 258
8.10 Wound Dressings 259
8.11 Bioceramics 259
8.12 Conjugates 261
References 262
9 Personal Care and Sanitary Goods 269
9.1 Breathable Biodegradable Hot Melt Composition 269
9.2 Sanitary Goods 269
9.3 Superabsorbent Materials 272
References 273
10 Miscellaneous Applications 275
10.1 Flooring Materials 275
10.2 Abrasives and Polishing Compositions 279
10.3 Lubricants 282
10.4 Renewable Cards 282
10.5 Biodegradable Irrigation Pipe 283
10.6 Thermosensitive Material 284
10.7 Biodegradable scale inhibitors 286
10.8 Nanocomposites 287
10.9 Molded Articles from Fruit Residues 287
10.10 Fluorescent Biodegradable Particles 287
10.11 Test Cylinder Mold for Testing Concrete 290
10.12 Flexographic Inks 290
10.13 Audio Systems 292
10.14 Automotive Uses 293
10.15 Green Hot Melt Adhesives 294
10.16 Mechanistic Studies 295
10.16.1 Olefin Isomerization 295
References 297
11 Biofuels 299
11.1 Xenobiotics 299
11.2 Biopolymers 300
11.3 Bioethanol 302
11.4 Biobutanol and Biobutanediol 310
11.5 Biodiesel 313
References 317
Index 321
Tradenames 321
Acronyms 326
Chemicals 328
General Index 336
