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More About This Title Hyperbranched Polymers: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
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The last two decades have seen a surge of interest in hyperbranched polymers due to their ease of synthesis on a large scale and their promising applications in diverse fields, from medicine to nanotechnology.
Written by leading scientists in academia and industry, this book provides for the first time a comprehensive overview of the topic, bringing together in one complete volume a wealth of information previously available only in articles scattered across the literature. Drawing on their work at the cutting edge of this dynamic area of research, the authors cover everything readers need to know about hyperbranched polymers when designing highly functional materials. Clear, thorough discussions include:
How irregular branching affects polymer properties and their potential applications
Important theoretical basics, plus a useful summary of characterization techniques
How hyperbranched polymers compare with dendrimers as well as linear polymers
Future trends in the synthesis and application of hyperbranched polymers
Geared to novices and experts alike, Hyperbranched Polymers is a must-have resource for anyone working in polymer architectures, polymer engineering, and functional materials. It is also useful for scientists in related fields who need a primer on the synthesis, theory, and applications of hyperbranched polymers.
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Chao Gao, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Polymer Science and Engineering at Zhejiang University, P.R. China. Dr. Gao also serves on the editorial advisory boards of the Open Macromolecules Journal and the Open Process Chemistry Journal.
Holger Frey, PhD, is Full Professor of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry at the Institute of Organic Chemistry at Johnannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany. Dr. Frey has served on the editorial advisory boards of several polymer journals.
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Contributors xv
1. Promising Dendritic Materials: An Introduction to Hyperbranched Polymers 1
1.1 Importance of Branching 1
1.2 Polymer Architecture 1
1.3 Dendritic Polymers 3
1.4 Hyperbranched Polymers 5
1.5 Conclusions 21
1.6 References 22
2. Polycondensation of ABx Monomers 27
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Statistical Consideration 27
2.3 Polymerization of ABx -Type Monomers 30
2.4 References 74
3. Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polymers via Polymerization of Functionally Symmetric Monomer Pairs 79
3.1 Introduction 79
3.2 Theoretical Treatment of A2 + B3 Polymerization 81
3.3 Polymerization of Symmetrical Monomer Pairs 84
3.4 Conclusions 104
3.5 References 105
4. Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polymers via Polymerization of Asymmetric Monomer Pairs 107
4.1 Introduction 107
4.2 General Description of Polymerization of Asymmetric Monomer Pairs 108
4.3 Hyperbranched Polymers Prepared by Polymerization of Asymmetric Monomer Pairs 110
4.4 Conclusions 133
4.5 References 136
5. Self-Condensing Vinyl Polymerization 139
5.1 Introduction 139
5.2 Self-Condensing Vinyl Polymerization 140
5.3 Self-Condensing Vinyl Copolymerization (SCVCP) 150
5.4 Self-Condensing Processes in Presence of Initiators 162
5.5 SCVP of Macroinimers 167
5.6 Surface-Grafted Hyperbranched Polymers 169
5.7 References 172
6. Ring-Opening Multibranching Polymerization 175
6.1 Introduction 175
6.2 Classification of Ring-Opening Multibranching Polymerizations 178
6.3 Core-Containing Hyperbranched Polymers By Ring-Opening Multibranching Polymerization 195
6.4 Conclusion and Perspectives 198
6.5 References 200
7. Hyperbranched Copolymers Synthesized by Cocondensation and Radical Copolymerization 203
7.1 Introduction 203
7.2 Cocondensation of ABn and a Comonomer 204
7.3 Cocondensation of A2 + B2 + BB2 (or B B2) 214
7.4 SCVCP Via Charge-Transfer Complex Inimer 215
7.5 Free Radical Copolymerization of Multifunctional Vinyl Monomers 218
7.6 Conclusion 221
7.7 References 223
8. Convergent Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polymers and Related Approaches 227
8.1 Introduction 227
8.2 Convergent Control in Hyperbranched Synthesis 228
8.3 Results 231
8.4 Conclusions 247
8.5 References 247
9. Hyperbranched and Dendritic Polyolefins Prepared by Transition Metal Catalyzed Polymerization 251
9.1 Introduction 251
9.2 Results and Discussion 253
9.3 Summary and Perspective 266
9.4 References 269
10. Hyperbranched π-Conjugated Polymers 273
10.1 Introduction 273
10.2 Scope 274
10.3 Hyperbranched Poly(Arylene)s 274
10.4 Hyperbranched Poly(Arylenevinylenes) 282
10.5 Hyperbranched Poly(Aryleneethynylenes) 289
10.6 Conclusion 295
10.7 References 297
11. Degree of Branching (DB) 301
11.1 Definition of the Degree of Branching (DB) 301
11.2 Determination of DB 305
11.3 The Value Range of DB 308
A11.4 Appendix 311
11.5 References 314
12. Influence of Branching Architecture on Polymer Properties 317
12.1 Introduction 317
12.2 Influence of Branching Architecture on Polymer Properties 318
12.3 Conclusions 329
12.4 References 329
13. Kinetic Theory of Hyperbranched Polymerization 333
13.1 Introduction 333
13.2 AB2-Type Polycondensation 335
13.3 Copolycondensation of AB2- and AB-Type Monomers 351
13.4 Self-Condensing Vinyl Polymerization 354
13.5 References 366
14. Grafting and Surface Properties of Hyperbranched Polymers 369
14.1 Introduction 369
14.2 Surface Grafting 370
14.3 Surface Properties of Hyperbranched Polymers 380
14.4 Conclusions 382
14.5 References 383
15. Biological and Medical Applications of Hyperbranched Polymers 387
15.1 Introduction 387
15.2 Gene Delivery 388
15.3 Drug Delivery 397
15.4 Biomaterials 401
15.5 Biointeraction 407
15.6 Conclusions 410
15.7 References 411
16. Applications of Hyperbranched Polymers in Coatings, as Additives, and in Nanotechnology 415
16.1 Introduction 415
16.2 Hyperbranched Polymers in Coating and Resin Applications 416
16.3 Hyperbranched Polymers as Additives 423
16.4 Applications of Hyperbranched Polymers in Nanotechnology 426
16.5 Applications in Thin Films and Sensorics 431
16.6 References 434
17. Conclusions and Perspective: Toward Hyperbranched/Dendritic States 441
17.1 Achievements and Problems 441
17.2 Role of Hyperbranched Polymers in the Twenty-First Century 449
17.3 Hyperbranched/Dendritic State 451
17.4 References 452
Index 453
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